「善爸」甘休？「育爸」不能？與照顧若即若離的育嬰假爸爸

An Exploratory Study on Fathers' Use of Paid Parental Leave in Taiwan

李庭欣(Ting-Hsin Li) ； 王舒芸(Shu-Yung Wang)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 28期 (2013/12) Pp. 93-135

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr2013.28.03

摘要

本研究關注於臺灣社會中仍屬少數的育嬰假爸爸，希望透過瞭解他們的請領動機與育兒行為，作為未來提升男性參與照顧時的參考。研究發現主要分為兩大主軸。首先「善爸」甘休，發現促使男性請育嬰假的因素大致可分別為「個人」、「家庭」、「社會環境」、「職業結構」及「時機出現與問題浮現」等五大因素，彼此間具有層級關係，因此導致部分父親是「想要請領」，有些則是「需要請領」，更有些是「不得不請領」。第二部分「育爸」不能，點出育爸即使請了育嬰假，仍未能成為主要照顧者，其生活擁有彈性的時間分配，同時在家務與照顧工作上也有較大的豁免權與協商權，使照顧像一場接力賽，隨時有人可接手，一起完成。整體來說，傳統社會對性別角色的刻板印象仍緊緊鑲嵌在社會結構中，無形中箝制著個人的行為，本質上仍期待男性成為養家者，女性則為照顧者，也因不同的角色期待，所以同樣的照顧工作，對不同的性別則有不同的標準。即使育爸做出了不同於當代多數男性的選擇，但在改變的同時，某部分的態度與行為實際上仍隱含著傳統思維的運作模式。

關鍵字

育嬰假爸爸 ； 性別角色期待 ； 照顧圖像 ； 請領動機

並列摘要

Taiwan's Parental Leave policy was set up in 2002, and most of the applicants are still women. Even though the parental leave allowance has been provided since 2009, the duty of care is still mostly undertaken by women. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to understand the motivations and model of care of fathers who take parental leave.This study uses qualitative research and then interviews nine parental leave fathers to find two main points. First, there is a hierarchical relationship among the main five factors for taking parental leave, including ”personal”, ”family”, ”social environment”, ”occupational structure” and ”the emergence of the problem”. These factors make some fathers ”want to” take, others ”need to” take, and others ”have to” take parental leave. Second, parental leave fathers differ from mothers who are often responsible for the same care work at home. Because fathers can use their time flexibly, they can also clearly separate care work and house work, whereas mothers need to take them all. For most parental leave fathers, caring for a child is just like a relay race, because they can easily pass the baton to the next person. In other words, parental leave fathers still fail to become the primary caregiver, even when they apply for parental leave.Overall, the traditional social stereotypes of gender roles are still firmly embedded in the social structure and they also shape personal behavior. This therefore has a great influence on expecting men to become the breadwinners and expecting women to become the caregivers.

並列關鍵字

parental leave fathers ； gender role expectation ； caring experiences ； application motivation

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