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社會運動的語藝批評:理論的論辯與意義

The Development of Theories in Western Thought and Its Meanings

摘要


隨著政治局勢的變遷與新科技的高度發展,社會運動開展出不同於以往的抗爭形式,同時揭示出對傳統運動研究框架的反省有其必要性。本文主張進行社會運動研究,除了依循傳統的理論或概念來討論社會運動的存在與否,進而對其展開社會學式的、理論導向的、媒體再現的研究,若能夠正視社會運動的傳播/溝通面向,則可為相關研究另闢蹊徑。 本文首先討論50至80年代間,美國社會運動語藝批評的理論論辯。社會運動的語藝批評最早受到歷史學的影響,後來有學者援引社會心理學討論語藝在社會運動中的功能。70年代以後,學者開始從語藝學中的戲劇理論擷取養分,重新界定社會運動的語藝本質,並且標榜運動論述在社會運動研究中的重要性。80年代則有學者從詮釋學出發,建構社會運動語藝批評的哲學基礎。 藉由閱讀與引介50至80年代間,社會運動語藝批評的理論論辯,本文試圖對社會學、傳播學的運動研究框架進行初探性的反思,並且探討社會運動語藝批評的貢獻。 在對於社會學運動研究框架的反思與貢獻上,本文認為社會運動的語藝批評:(一)為社會運動的定義問題提供理論資源;(二)正視社會運動發展過程的內在複雜形構;(三)彰顯社會運動個案的特殊性;以及(四)建構社會運動如何召喚支持的理論基礎。在對於傳播學運動研究框架的反思與貢獻上,社會運動的語藝批評正視運動論述的角色與功能,可謂替傳播學的社會運動研究開創不同的理論與研究視野。

並列摘要


Social movement research has long been influenced by sociology. Sociological movement research, focusing on macro and historical level, can not isolate the communicative and persuasive component of social movements. This paper argues that social movements are rhetorical nature because movements are carried forward through language, both verbal and nonverbal, in strategic forms that bring about identification of individuals with the movements. This paper first re-reads and introduces the theoretical development of rhetorical criticism of social movements from 50s to 80s in America, and rethinks its relevance for the study of social movements furthermore. Based on the research framework, this paper presents four important findings, that is rhetorical criticism of social movements: (1) supplies the theoretical resources to solve the problem of definition about sociological movement research; (2) faces the complexity within the process of social movements squarely; (3) keeps near to the specialty of social movements; and (4) constructs a theory to analyze how social movements have invoked identification and why. This paper ends with suggestions for potential research directions of social movements in sociology and communication field in the future.

參考文獻


Andrews, J. R.(1983).A historical perspective on the study of social movements.Central States Speech Journal.34,67-69.
Black, E.(1980).A note on theory and practice in rhetorical criticism.Western Journal of Speech Communication.44,331-336.
Blaikie, N.(1993).Approaches to social enquiry.Cambridge, UK:Polity Press.
Bower, J. W.,Ochs, D. J.,Jensen, R. J.(1993).The rhetoric of agitation and control.Prospect Heights, ILL:Waveland Press.
Brock, B. L.,Scott, R. L.,Chesebro, J. W. (Eds.)(1990).Methods of rhetorical criticism: A twentieth-century perspective.Detroit:Wayne State University Press.

被引用紀錄


蕭秀茹(2011)。2006 年墨西哥瓦哈卡州社會運動之研究〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00433
徐怡雲(2011)。電視劇的社運敘事語藝與能動潛力──以公視《孽子》為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00518

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