伊斯蘭蘇非教團、新疆依禪與中國門宦的傳承關係

中亞蘇非「納格什班底教團」在新疆發展出「依禪」系統，納格什班底教團再經由新疆循著二個不同的管道進入中國西北地區，發展出中國穆斯林特有的「門宦」組織，對中國西北穆斯林社會產生了極大的影響。蘇非、依禪與門宦三者順著納格什班底教團的傳系，牽起了因果關係的連線，這條連線也成為中國西北穆斯林社會溯源與發展的主軸，是研究中國穆斯林社會不可或缺的論述議題。本論文鋪陳出三者的傳承關係，也經由此一傳承關係之架構，開啟當代中國西北地區穆斯林宗派多元現象的研究。

關鍵字

蘇非；納格什班底教團；依禪；門宦；傳系

並列摘要

The Naqashibāndiyyah of the Central Asia Sūfi developed the Ishān system in Xinjiang. It further entered into the northwestern region of China through two different paths from Xinjiang, and eventually evolved into an organization with specific characteristics of Chinese Muslim called Menhuan, which has exerted great impact on the Muslim society of northwestern China.Following the preaching of Naqashibāndiyyah, a relationship was connected among the Sūfi, Ishān and Menhuan. This connection has become the main scheme of tracing the upstream and the development of the Muslim society of northwestern China. It also serves as an indispensable proposition of the studies of Muslin society in China.This thesis elaborates on the inheritance relationship of the Sūfi, Ishān and Menhuan. Following the framework of this inheritance relationship, this thesis launches into the study of the multi-dimensional phenomenon of Muslim denominations in current northwestern China.