借用當代新學試論《儀禮》尸祭禮意及人祖感通的可能性

Discussion on Worship of Role-playing Ancestors in the ＂Book of Rituals＂-Strengthening Connections with Ancestors in Energy Level

彭美玲(PENG Mei-Ling)

《輔仁宗教研究》 40期 (2020/03) Pp. 1-35

摘要

今本《儀禮．士虞》以下四篇，翔實記述周大夫、士立「尸」祭祖之禮，相關人事物的心理氛圍則未見著墨。本文試就身心靈的角度探討《儀禮》尸祭的禮意精神，並分從氣類、齋戒、衣服、飲食、言語等方面，考察隱含其間的「感通」之道。除舊儒經說傳記外，間或援借現當代西方外域觀點、材料加深相關理解。推敲尸祭禮意，乃基於「事死如生」的原則，將生時親子之間的飲食奉養，轉化為日後人祖之間的孝享祭獻，儀文極盡模擬展演之能事，背後則蘊蓄「一氣感通」的抽象思維，旨在達成家族世代之間生命能量與情感關係的持續連結，意蘊深遠。

關鍵字

儀禮 ； 尸祭 ； 感通 ； 能量

並列摘要

In the circulated version of the ＂Book of Rituals＂, chapters such as ＂Shi Yu＂ (士虞), ＂Te Sheng(特牲)＂ , ＂Shao Lao(少牢)＂ , and ＂You Si Che(有司徹)＂, provides detailed records of scholars in the Zhou Dynasty playing the role of ancestors during rituals. However, there is no discussion of the psychological significance of the events. This article aims to analyze this form of worship from physical, emotional, and spiritual angles. In particular, it focuses on the hidden attempts to strengthen connections with ancestors at an energy level, through precepts and fasting, clothing, meal offerings, and a particular use of language. The sources are derived from ancient Confucian scriptures, as well as modern western and foreign views. The worship of role-playing ancestors treats the deceased as if they were still living, to continue taking care of parents in the afterlife. The ritual aims to painstakingly repeat the events of real life, in order to effect communication between the living and the deceased, through the playing out of life events during the rite. The goal is to strengthen the continuation and the connection of family relationships at an energy level.

並列關鍵字

Book of Rituals ； worship of role-playing ancestors ； correspondence ； energy

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