儀法與輿論－武則天的君主文化表現

Ceremonial Rites with Public Voice - the Representation of Wu Zetian's Monarchal Culture

李寶玲(Pao-Ling Lee)

《逢甲人文社會學報》 24期 (2012/06) Pp. 43-68

https://doi.org/10.29695/FCJHSS.201206.0002

摘要

做為古老封建中國社會唯一出現的女皇帝，武則天無疑是中國歷史上最引人注目的焦點。撇開武則天的功過與得失，如果我們能純粹站在一個較客觀的角度，觀察她如何利用權力，以權養權，一步一步的登上九五之尊位，相信這樣的考察必能得到更多的收穫。本文從「透過強制力訂定符合其利益的法律，將強權轉為法權」與「操縱公共輿論的制度，使新得勢者地位合法化」兩個面向，觀察武則天即帝位之前的作為，看她如何靈活操弄儒家所制定的諸多儀法，鞏固自己的權位，擴大自己的政治實力。發現武則天更懂得利用操縱公共輿論，使新得勢的地位不斷地強化，最終取得皇位的正當性與合法化。在講究士族階級的男性社會，武則天最後成為他們的領導者，整個取得政權的過程，實未必易於以武力革命取得政權者。

關鍵字

唐代 ； 武則天 ； 政治 ； 帝王 ； 權力

並列摘要

Wu Zetian, as the first and unique empress in the feudal society of Imperial China, was an outstanding person in Chinese history. In spite of the success and failure of Wu's political life, some experience and findings can be found and learn through an objective viewpoint that is able to know her how to win the palace revolution and gained the ultimate power step by step. In this study, two aspects, which are observing Empress Wu how to (1) transform the force into jurisdiction by making new ceremonial rites and regulations to meet her political needs and to (2) control the public voice to legalize and empowered the new authority, will be the foci to explore. Besides, it can be seen that Wu tried to strengthen the political status and power of her own by flexibly utilizing many Confucian rites and regulations before her becoming the empress. Furthermore, the public voice was also controlled to assist Wu to prove her authority which should be regarded as natural and legitimate. Undoubtedly, in a patriarchy and feudal society, it was a truly tough work for Wu Zetian to win the ultimate victory to become a female leader and the only empress in Imperial China.

並列關鍵字

Tang Dynasty ； Wu Zetian ； Politics ； Monarchy ； Power

參考文獻

(1983)。全唐文。北京:中華書局。

(1986)。大藏經。臺北:新文豐出版社。

(1998)。《諸子集成》續編。成都:四川人民出版社。

(2003)。唐宋女性與社會。上海:上海辭書出版社。

(1988)。武則天與洛陽。西安:三秦出版社。