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台灣地區蛇類之寄生蟲調查

A Survey of Endoparasitic Infections of Snakes in Taiwan

摘要


本研究共採集135個蛇類內臟屠體樣本進行寄生蟲感染狀況調查,蛇之種類包括眼鏡蛇(Naja naja atra)、雨傘節(Bungarus multicinctus)、龜殼花(Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus)、百步蛇(Deinagkistrodon acutus)、臭青公(Elaphe carinata)、錦蛇(Elaphe taeninura friesei)及南蛇(Ptyas mucosus)。寄生蟲之總感染率為87.41%,其中線蟲類感染率最高(79.26%),其次分別為舌蟲類(49.63%)、吸蟲類(16.30%)及條蟲類(14.81%)。檢出之線蟲類寄生蟲包括Kalicephalus sp. (65.19%; 88/135)、Ophidascaris sp.(20.00%; 27/135)及Rhabdias sp.(20.74%; 28/135)。吸蟲類僅發現Paradistomummegareceptaculum之感染(16.30%; 22/135)。條蟲類包括Ophiotaenia sp. (11.11%; 15/135)及Spirometra erinaceieuropaei之plerocercoid(4.44%; 6/135)。舌蟲類則以Raillietiella orientalis之感染率最高(35.56%; 48/135),其次為Kiricephalus pattoni幼蟲(8.89%; 12/135)和成蟲(2.96%; 4/135)以及Armillifer agkistrodontis(3.70%; 5/135)。本研究之結果顯示台灣地區蛇肉市場中絕大多數的蛇類均有一種以上之寄生蟲感染,其中以S.erinaceieuropaei在公共衛生學上最為重要。S.erinaceieuropaei之plerocercoid被終宿主食入發育成蟲後,會經由糞便排放大量蟲卵而造成環境嚴重污染,人類若誤食被污染之食物即可能引起裂頭條蟲幼蟲病(Sparganosis),因此在人畜共通疾病之防治上需特別加以注意。

關鍵字

感染率 內寄生蟲 蛇類

並列摘要


A total of 135 snakes consisting of Naja naja atra, Bungarus multic inctus, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, Deinagkistrodon acutus, Elaphe carinata, Elaphe taeninura friesei and Ptyas mucosus were collected to examine the endoparasitic infection. In the present study, we found that 80.77% of snakes were infected with at least one endoparasite. These endoparasites could be broke down in the following: Kalicephalus sp. 65.19%, Ophidascaris sp. 20.00%, Rhabdias sp. 20.74%, Paradistomum megareceptaculum 16.30%, Ophiotaen ia sp. 11.11%, Armilifer agkistrodontis 3.70%, Kiricephalus pattoni 11.85% and Railleiteilla orientalis 35.56%. In addition, larvae of K. pattoni were also found in 7.69% of the snakes. The plerocercoids were found in the muscle, subcutis and serosa in B. multicinctus and T. mucrosquamatus, and the prevalence was 4.44%. Experimental infection of plerocercoids in cats was carried out to identify the species of the cestode. Adult worms were obtained from intestine of cats 62 days after infection, and were identified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. The definitive hosts infected with S. erinaceieuropaei would excrete numerous eggs in the feces resulting in severe contamination of environment. Eating food contaminated by plerocercoids might result in sparganosis in human beings. Therefore, the role of S. erinaceieuropaei in the public health should be noticed. The results of this study will provide the information on the endoparasitic infections of snakes in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Endoparasites Prevalence Snakes

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