美國原住民教育的歷史背景與理論基礎

Historical Background and Ideological Basis of Education of Native Americans

李恭蔚(David Gong-Way Lee)

《原住民教育季刊》 15期 (1999/08) Pp. 1-15

摘要

本文旨在說明美國政府在推行原住民教育的過程中，遭遇到的各種問題，包括意識型態的衝突，例如多元主義與同化主義的對立、印地安文化與歐美主流文化的差異、傳統知識與科技思想的分歧等。其次，作者也介紹美國原住民教育卓有貢獻的學者，並說明印第安人與美國政府間時戰時和，最後達成以條約爲基礎的信任關係。最後，作者認爲，美國政府對推行原住民教育雖有百餘年的經驗，但在提高印第安人識字率、減少貧窮和文化疏離等方面，成就並不理想。換言之，未來應如何一方面加強美國原住民教育，一方面維護印第安人的傳統價值，仍是有待解決的一個重要課題。

關鍵字

美國原住民教育 ； 多元文化主義 ； 同化主義

並列摘要

The purpose of this essay is to describe the historical process in which how the United States government implement its education of Native Americans and what questions it had encountered. The main problems involved include the conflict between pluralism and assimilationism, between Indian tradition and European-American culture and between traditional knowledge and modem science and technology.
The author points out that although American government had, for more than one hundred years, managed to educate the native Americans, its results were not satisfactory. The government still need to do more to enhance literacy of the Indians, solve their poverty problems and prevent their alienation from the main current of American society.

並列關鍵字

Education of Native Americans ； multiculturalism ； assimilationism