從馬嵬之變至乾元改元論肅宗君父權之繼承

Perspectives on the Monarchical Power Su-Tsung Inherited during the Ma-Wei Event

林偉洲(Wei-Chou Lin)

《研究與動態》 13期 (2006/01) Pp. 61-74

摘要

本文從馬嵬之變前後，肅宗相關史料的記載中，個人仁孝特質始，至其因外在政治情勢的轉變，而產生人生重大的轉折進行分析，以探討中唐一系列政治事件的原因與意義。安史之亂造成唐朝國勢由盛轉衰，對於玄宗而言，一生所營造強盛繁榮的太平景象，一夕之間面臨瓦解，並直接造成其神聖君權的可挑戰危機。不論是馬嵬之變、安祿山稱帝，肅宗靈武自立，皆應從此一角度觀察。然玄宗的危機，卻是肅宗生命中「重生」的轉機。但這一轉機以肅宗長期被壓抑的個性及背負傳統包袱，使其雖能收復兩京，順利繼承君位，並改元「乾元」，然終不能大開大闔開創一個全新格局，致有中晚唐宦官、藩鎮問題的浮現。

關鍵字

安史之亂 ； 馬嵬之變 ； 唐肅宗 ； 靈武自立

並列摘要

In order to analyze accurately about the serious of political reasons and meanings of mid-T'ang Dynasty, this paper try to discuss the historical facts deeply according to the historical documents about Su-tsung. Especially during the Ma-wei Event, how did Su-tsung make the political decisions? Su-tsung was Confucian and he was also a filial son. But when he faced with turning of the political environments, his personality played an important role when he made political decisions.
An-Shih Rebellion made T'ang Dynasty from thriving and prospering to weak and feeble. For Hsuan-tsung, not only the powerful nation he had created all his life collapsed suddenly in a day, but also made a crisis that someone could challenge the sacred monarchical power directly. No matter what we discuss Ma-wei Event, An-Lu-Shan Rebellion, or the Ling-wu Independence of Su-tsung, this is an important view.
Hsuan-tsung's crisis, on the other side, was a favorable opportunity that meant ”second birth” for Su-tsung. Under this turning opportunity, Su-tsung could recapture two capitals, inherit the monarch, and change the name of the year as ”Chien-Yuan”. But along with his personality which had been depressed over a long period of time and the traditional and historical responsibilities that he had to take, it's hard for him to open up a new prospect. Regretfully, that caused lots of problems about eunuch and Chieh-tu Shih in the middle and late T'ang Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

An-Shih Rebellion ； Ma-wei Event ； T'ang Su-tsung ； Ling-wu Independence