沙陀早期曆史與東遷代北考述

An Investigation of the Early History of Shatuo and Its Eastbound Migraion to Daibei

黃淑雯(Shu-Wen Huang)

《通識研究集刊》 15期 (2009/06) Pp. 115-131

https://doi.org/10.6488/JCGE.200906.0115

摘要

唐代末年，因為李克用家族的崛起，使得默默無聞的少數民族－沙陀，受到同時代人的重視。本文主要在探討，自唐貞觀中葉(627~639)到宣宗大中年間（847左右）到朱邪赤心立足代北的二百多年間，沙陀部落的曆史發展及東遷過程。
首先探討沙陀的族屬及居住地，可知沙陀出自西突厥別部處月部，唐初游牧於北庭。然唐初並無沙陀部記載，因而由西突厥的分裂，唐太宗、唐高宗經營西域等事為線索，追尋沙陀的蹤跡。
中唐以後，沙陀飽受唐朝、回鶻、吐蕃等三大強權的影響，於二十年間，展開三次遠距離遷徙，最後遷徙到代北。
最後探討沙陀部如何立足代北過程。在整個遷徙過程中，除可見部落由衰轉盛的過程外，也可窺看四周強國的勢力消長。

關鍵字

唐代 ； 沙陀 ； 代北 ； 李克用

並列摘要

In the last years of the Tang Dynasty, the rise of the House of Lee Ker-jung leads to the contemporaries to lay eyes on Shatuo, then an unknown minority. This paper is intended to explore the two hundred years or so historical development of Shatuo and the process of its eastbound migration from the middle period of Tang's Tai-chung Emperor (627~639) to the years of Shuan-chung Emperor (circa 847) when Chu-hsieh-che-hsing settled in Daibei.
The initial investigation of Shatuo's subtribes and their inhabitation shows that Shatuo was first originated from the Chu-yue of West Tu Que, nomad in Bei Ting in early Tang. However, due to the lack of documentary record of Shatuo in early Tang, the option left is use the split of West Tu Que and the reigning of the Western Regions by Tang's emperors of Tai-chung and Kao-chung as leads to trace Shatuo.
After the middle period of Tang, Shatuo, suffering from the influence of three major powers, Tang, Hui Hu and Tu Bo, began three long range migrations within twenty years and finally settled themselves in Daibei.
Last was the study of how Shatuo settled itself in Daibei. During its migrating process, how a tribe transformed itself from weak to strong and how the neighboring powers rose and fell may well be observed.

並列關鍵字

Tang Dynasty ； Shatuo ； Daibei ； Lee Ker-jung