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女子跳遠與三級跳遠選手腿部增強式收縮能力的分析

The Analysis on Plyometric Ability of Female Long Jumpers and Triple Jumpers

摘要


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess plyometric ability of female long and triple jumpers, and the study's result will serve as a reference for coaches or for training and coaching materials. Method: The study used five cameras with a speed of 60 flames per second (Canon ZR-60) to film the finalists in the woman's long jump and triple jump at the 2003 National Games. The two-dimensional film analysis based on a 14-segment and 21-point body model was conducted. Result and Conclusion: The study's results were as follows. 1. The response coefficients reflected by the muscle d ring the support phase reached 17.18±12.86 and 63.47±14.43 in the woman's long and triple final respectively. The response coefficient in the woman's long jump final had significant main effect on performance (r=0.687, P<.0.05). 2. The hip joint alignment from landing to muscular preload did not decrease gradually, indicating that hip joint was not the main impact-alleviation joint in long and triple jumps. 3. The angle of knee joint during muscular preload reached 17.12±3.43^0 for long jump and 17.28±4.63^0 for triple jump. The muscular preload was not significantly correlated with the horizontal and vertical velocity at landing and takeoff. 4. The angle of ankle joint at muscular preload was 16.13±4.75^0, and ranged around 32.16±9.23^0 at leg drive. Both figures revealed no significant correlation with the horizontal and vertical velocity at landing and take-off. 5. During the support phase, a negative significant correlation was found between muscular preload and performance (r=-0.694) in the long jump. 6. The coupling angle between the ankle and knee joints was positive, revealing that both ankle-and knee joints shortened and stretched at the same time during muscular preload and the leg drive; the coupling angle between the knee and hip joints was found negative during muscular preload, which means that both joints were not saving energy for the next step simultaneously.

並列摘要


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess plyometric ability of female long and triple jumpers, and the study's result will serve as a reference for coaches or for training and coaching materials. Method: The study used five cameras with a speed of 60 flames per second (Canon ZR-60) to film the finalists in the woman's long jump and triple jump at the 2003 National Games. The two-dimensional film analysis based on a 14-segment and 21-point body model was conducted. Result and Conclusion: The study's results were as follows. 1. The response coefficients reflected by the muscle d ring the support phase reached 17.18±12.86 and 63.47±14.43 in the woman's long and triple final respectively. The response coefficient in the woman's long jump final had significant main effect on performance (r=0.687, P<.0.05). 2. The hip joint alignment from landing to muscular preload did not decrease gradually, indicating that hip joint was not the main impact-alleviation joint in long and triple jumps. 3. The angle of knee joint during muscular preload reached 17.12±3.43^0 for long jump and 17.28±4.63^0 for triple jump. The muscular preload was not significantly correlated with the horizontal and vertical velocity at landing and takeoff. 4. The angle of ankle joint at muscular preload was 16.13±4.75^0, and ranged around 32.16±9.23^0 at leg drive. Both figures revealed no significant correlation with the horizontal and vertical velocity at landing and take-off. 5. During the support phase, a negative significant correlation was found between muscular preload and performance (r=-0.694) in the long jump. 6. The coupling angle between the ankle and knee joints was positive, revealing that both ankle-and knee joints shortened and stretched at the same time during muscular preload and the leg drive; the coupling angle between the knee and hip joints was found negative during muscular preload, which means that both joints were not saving energy for the next step simultaneously.

參考文獻


Anderson & Pandy(1993).Storage and utilization of elastic strain energy during jumping.Journal of Biomechanics.26,1413-1427.
Bruggemann, G. P. (Edited),Glad, B.(1990).Biomechanical analysis of the triple jump: An approach towards a biomechanical profile of the world's best triple jumpers.(International Athletic Foundation / International Amateur Athletic Federation Scientific Research Project at the Game of the XXIV Olympic Seoul 1988: Final Report).
Coh, M.(2000).Kinematic and dynamic model of the long jump.Track Coach.153,4789-4795.
Flay, J. G.(1999).Changes in muscle-tendon length during the take-off a running long jump.Journal of Sports Sciences.17,159-172.
Hay, J. G.(1992).The biomechanics of the triple jump A review.Journal of Sports Sciences.10,343-378.

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