眷村博物館發展與觀衆實證研究之評析

眷村為臺灣重要的歷史文化資產，深具文化意義與教育價值。它象徵著臺灣歷史發展的一塊里程碑，而其獨特的眷村文化更是早已跨過竹籬笆，融入了我們的生活之中，並作為臺灣社會對於多元文化包容的見證。然而實際上在推動眷村文化保存園區的過程中，卻遇到了諸多的困難，如法源、財源以及人力與專業管理上的欠缺，是眷村文化在保存工作上需要克服的難題。而眷村在成為博物館後作為社會教育機構的一員，除了肩負著文化保存及延續的使命外，同時也須回應社會的需要和趨勢，而觀眾研究正好是博物館瞭解觀眾最直接的溝通渠道。本文旨在透過回顧眷村博物館於發展上所面臨的困境，觀眾研究的功能可以在此扮演何種重要角色來應對這些限制；接著分析現今研究眷村類型博物館的觀眾研究主要探討的議題有哪些，有何特色，而哪些議題仍待討論。研究發現，眷村博物館目前發展除上述問題外，眷村文化的再現上亦呈現文本過度簡化與理想，且與昔日眷村居民真實生命經驗的真實性與代表性不足的現象；另外，已成立的眷村文化保存園區內有著與眷村文化不符的商業性質賣店，難以與觀眾的經驗和生活有所連結，成為觀眾認識與接觸眷村文化的阻礙。此外，眷改工作規劃將於2022年落日，屆時將勢必檢討相關法規存廢，而現今探討眷村博物館的觀眾研究仍較少涉及上述問題的討論。本研究期望可提供將來眷村博物館觀眾研究之後續發展方向，以俾利未來在眷村文化保存的實務上能夠作為可行之參考依據。

關鍵字

觀眾研究；眷村文化；眷村博物館；眷村文化園區

並列摘要

Military dependents' villages are important historical and cultural heritages in Taiwan, with deep cultural significance and educational value. It's a milestone of historical development in Taiwan. Its unique culture has already crossed the bamboo fences, integrated into our lives, and shown evidence of including the cultural diversity of Taiwanese society. However, there are many difficulties in promoting military dependents' village cultural parks in reality, such as the lack of legal, financial, staffing, and professional management resources, which the cultural conservation work has to overcome. After becoming a museum, military dependents' villages not only have the responsibility to conservation and continuation of the culture but also respond to the needs and trends of society. Visitor studies are the best way to communicate with visitors. The purposes of this paper are: reviewing the development difficulties encountered by military dependents' village museums, and how the functions of visitor studies could cope with; analyzing what issues are the visitor studies of military dependents' village museums mainly discussing, what are the characteristics, and what issues are still open to discussion. The study found, in addition to the above difficulties in the development, representation of military dependents' village culture also presents features of textual oversimplification and idealization. It also lacks the authenticity and representative of the real-life experience of the past residents. Besides, some stores in the cultural parks are not conformant with the military dependents' village culture, making it difficult to make a connection with visitors experiences and difficulty gaining a deeper understanding of the culture. Moreover, the work plan for the military dependents' village reforming will be set to end in 2022. The relevant laws will be examined at that time, but there are still few discussions on the issues in the visitor studies of military dependents' village museums. This study attempts to serve as a feasible reference for future cultural conservation practices for military dependents' villages.

並列關鍵字

visitor studies ； cultural conversation of military dependents' villages ； military dependents' village museum ； military dependents' village cultural park

參考文獻

The Cleveland Museum of Art. (2017). A strategic framework for our second century. Retrieved October 28, 2021 from https://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/documents/other/CMA_Strategic_Plan_2018-2027_complete.pdf

Google Scholar

The Cleveland Museum of Art. (2018). For the benefit of all: The CMA’s diversity, equity and inclusion plan. Retrieved October 28, 2021 from https://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/documents/other/Diversity%2C%20Equity%20and%20Inclusion%20Plan.pdf