The first half of this article discusses the insights of the earlier Yogacara Buddhist thoughts, including the elaboration of the doctrine of trilaksana and the doctrine of the Yogacara middle way. Using the dependent origination doctrine of the early Buddhism and the contemporary studies of consciousness as a comparative frame of reference, this article goes on to re-examines the Yogacara philosophy of consciousness. Among other things, it sheds light on the hermeneutical confusion caused by the historical changes in the interpretations of Alayavijnana, and on the dialectical principle that Alayavijnana (the phenomenal aspect of mind) and Tathagatagarbha (the absolute aspect of mind) are ”neither identical nor different,” thereby hoping to clarify the historical controversy as to whether the deluded and defiled consciousness of Alayavijnana can embrace the pure mind of original enlightenment. This article concludes that the School of Deluded Consciousness and the School of Absolute Mind are two wings of Buddha-dharma and therefore cannot be separated.
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