女人形塑伊斯蘭？－論穆斯林女權與女性主義之改革

在伊斯蘭發展史上，宗教話語權、經典詮釋權與立法一直被男性菁英所主控，因此婦女權利、地位一向是學術界所關注的議題，至今仍廣受西方及伊斯蘭國家中世俗人與宗教人熱烈討論。伊斯蘭教義如何看待女權當從經典去理解；而從古典時期至今，穆斯林婦女權的詮釋因時空變化而有差異。本論文試圖從《古蘭經》經文、聖訓條文去理解穆斯林婦女權的真諦；進而論及現代穆斯林女性主義的抬頭，其在婦女權利、宗教與社會地位、政治權力的改革，並以印尼的婦女組織為例討論之。

關鍵字

穆斯林婦女；伊斯蘭女性主義；穆斯林女性神學； NU-Muslimat ； Muhammadiyah-Aisyiyah

並列摘要

In the history of Islam, the interpretation of scriptures and stipulation of law have been dominated by male elites. Therefore in the age of liberation, Muslim women's rights and social status in Islam have been the hot debated issues in the academic fields, and even today are still widely discussed by both secular and religious men in the West and Muslim countries. How women are treated in all aspects of Islamic society can be understood through examining Islamic scriptures such as the Holy Qur'an and al-Hadith, and in the course of history, the interpretation of women's rights has been varied according to the societal transformation. This essay tries to explore the Qur'anic and Hadith sources to draw a more justified interpretation on women's rights. Apart from that, it also deals with modern Muslim feminist theology and woman reform movements by taking the Indonesian woman organizations as examples.