二十世紀台灣現代戲劇的美學走向

The Aesthetics Trend of Taiwan Modern Drama in the Twentieth Century

馬森(Sen Ma)

《中國現代文學》 20期 (2011/12) Pp. 5-33

https://doi.org/10.29980/MCL.201112.0001

摘要

二十世紀的台灣現代戲劇在外在環境的影響下，曾經過幾個發展的階段，表現了極不相同的美學風格。戲劇是表演藝術，同時又是文學。如果說文學難免落入小眾的領域，表演卻是大眾的藝術，因此戲劇美學不但關係到時代的氛圍，同時更關係到群眾的口味。在文本以外，當舞台演出面對觀眾時，其美學的表徵就不僅是文本的問題，同時也牽涉到導演的風格、演員的表現、舞台設計、燈光效果、服裝、化妝，甚至音效與音樂。因此，戲劇美學常常表現得至為複雜，一方面繼承傳統，接受當代政經環境和文藝思潮的制約，另一方面更非常敏感地迎合時尚。台灣的現代戲劇跟大陸一樣，基本上是西方現代戲劇的移植，在美學的走向上便難脫西方美學潮流的傳承與影響。如果說十九世紀以降的西方現代戲劇，在美學走向上是從「浪漫主義」到「寫實主義」，再「從寫實主義」到「現代主義」與「後現代主義」，在台灣現代戲劇的美學走向大概亦復如此。

關鍵字

現代戲劇 ； 寫實主義 ； 擬寫實主義 ； 二度西潮 ； 現代主義 ； 後現代主義 ； 小劇場 ； 實驗劇 ； 前衛戲場 ； 另類戲劇 ； 多元美學

並列摘要

Taiwan modern drama have gone through different phases of development in the twentieth century under the influence of external environment, and have shown extremely different aesthetics styles. Drama is not only an art of performance but also a form of literature. If literature will eventually fall into a small circle, performance is an art for mass. Therefore, drama aesthetics has a bearing on not only the atmosphere of the time but also the taste of the mass. Other than text, when stage performance facing the audience, its aesthetic token is not just an issue of text, but related to the director's style, performers' performance, stage design, lighting effects, costumes, makeups, even sound effects and music. Therefore, drama aesthetics is often extremely complicated, inheriting traditions and accepting the constraint of modern political and economic environment and literature trend of thought on one hand, sensitively catering for fashion on the other hand.As the drama in mainland China, Taiwan modern drama is basically a transplant from western modern drama, hence shows influence from western aesthetics trend of thought. Its aesthetics trend is mainly like that of western modern drama after the nineteenth century: from ”romanticism” to ”realism”, from ”realism” to ”modernism” and ”postmodernism”.

並列關鍵字

modern drama ； realism ； pseudo-realism ； second western tide ； modernism ； postmodernism ； little theatre ； experimental drama ； avant-garde theatre ； alternative theartre ； multi-aesthetics

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