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文學如何「現實」?-馬華文學現實主義中的政治介面(1919-1930)

How Can Literature be "Real"?──The Political Interface in Malaysian Chinese Literature's Realism (1919-1930)

摘要


在馬來西亞華人史上,現實主義是在文藝上相對具有思想系譜的流派。在政治上,它與左翼思潮相互表裡,並曾風靡一時,直至1970年代後才退潮。本文的目的主要是,將馬華文學現實主義置放於近代中國思想史及馬來亞華人特殊的社會歷史脈絡之中,探究支撐其興起及持久性存在的結構性因素或其他複雜關聯,同時也將從文學現實主義自身的本質性面向-政治角度切入,探索其問題癥結。實際上,近現代中國思想的演變是理解現代馬華文學演化的必要語境,政治面向則是現實主義本質的題中之義,是理解當前現實主義困境的一個重要視角,而這恰未完全進入馬華文學研究者的視野之中。本文將揭示馬華文學現實主義與政治之間的關係、糾葛及所呈現的張力,並指出文學介入政治(現實)的限度及馬華文學現實主義之必然的美學困境。

關鍵字

馬華文學 現實主義 政治 為人民 為人生

並列摘要


In the history of Malaysian Chinese, literary realism has its ideological genealogy relatively. Politically, it is mutually connected with left-wing thought, and was the mainstream ideology until 1970s.The purpose of this paper is to place the Malaysian Chinese realism in the historical context of modern Chinese thought and Malayan Chinese social and historical environment in order to examine the structural factors and other complex relevancy which support its rise and persistent existence. Besides, the most crucial nature of realism - political dimension will be focused as the approach for understanding the problem of literary realism. In fact, the evolution of modern Chinese thought is the necessary context for understanding modern Malaysian Chinese literature. Meanwhile, the political dimension is a key nature for understanding the plight of realism, but which has not been fully explored by literary researchers. This article will reveal the relationship, entanglement and tension between the Malaysian literary realism and politics. Moreover, the limitation of literature’s intervention in real politics and the necessarily aesthetic plight of Malaysian Chinese literature will be analyzed as well.

參考文獻


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