我國性犯罪現況與防治對策之分析

A Study of Sexual Crimes and Countermeasures in Taiwan

黃富源(Frank Fu-Yuan Huang)

《國家政策季刊》 4卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 69-99

https://doi.org/10.6407/NPQ.200503.0069

摘要

無論是被害調查還是官方統計，我國的性侵害案件都有增加的趨勢，就以官方的統計數字而言，近十年來我國的性犯罪案件，平均約在近千件至逾兩千件之間呈現間歇成長的型態。但是到了民國九十年以後則呈現急速成長的狀況，其原因可能是相關法令陸續通過後所產生的「關心效應」，而造成司法體系的重視，和犯罪被害者報案意願的提高有關。
綜合專家學者的論述，將解釋強姦犯罪的觀點分為四種，即女性主義觀(feminist approach)、社會學習觀(social learning approach)、生物影響觀(evolution approach)和整合觀(synthesized approach)，而根據這四種觀點所衍發出解釋強姦犯罪的理論則更是種類繁多，諸如：特質論、家庭動力論、性別歧視論、色情刊物論、社會解組論等理論。在我國對於這些理論，已有許多實證的研究，予以討論、檢證或修正。在研究分析國內資料與相關研究後，本文對我國性侵害犯罪，提出以下建議：病理的社會文化因素與病態家庭因素，確實可能是造成強姦罪犯之溫床，尤其是以對歧視女性、鼓勵暴力之社會文化價值，對於男性暴力和性暴力間尤有相關之可能，有必要檢討改進。從暴力容許論的觀點與實證調查，也發現，對於以良好親職教育，取代體罰教育之價值，除能培育健全之後代外，更有附帶尊重異性，減少暴力之重要意義與功能。
有關強姦被害人之理論之探討與實證研究，除可提供性侵害防治教育在防犯宣導上參考外，更可強化與灌輸相關人員對強、輪姦被害人之系統性知識，提供警察人員、司法人員與輔導人員多所理解，進而以利偵辦性侵害案件適當對待被害人，與事後輔導被害人之實施。就我國官方統計的分析，性侵害被害人有強烈集中在某些職業與年齡的趨勢，首先廿歲以下之性侵害被害人，和學生為性侵害犯罪的被害高危險群，針對這些族群的防暴教育，有必要加強。

關鍵字

犯罪學 ； 被害者學 ； 性犯罪 ； 女性主義

並列摘要

Both victimization survey and official statistic show the increasing trend of sexual crimes in Taiwan. According to the National Police Administration, an average number of sexual crimes is 1500 during the resent ten years. However after 2001, Taiwan's sexual crime has been skyrocketing because of the Concern Effect of policy change. There are four approaches in theoretical perspectives to explain sexual crimes. There are feminist approach, social learning approach, evolutionary approach and synthesized approach. These four approaches generate many theories such as trait theory, family dynamics theory, gender inequality theory, social disorganization theory, and legitimate violence theory. Some of those theories have been verified in Taiwan.
The findings indicate that the combination of sexism, pathological family factors, and legitimate violence attitudes constitutes a mix cultural characteristics of social conditions that: precipitates sexual crimes. Bases on empirical research, this paper suggests that
First, the solution to sexual crimes is the construction of competing sexual images and ideas.
Second, the body of knowledge of victimology may provide the systematic understanding of rape survivors for professional personnel to treat those victims properly.
Third, because statistics indicate that the most vulnerable victims of sexual crimes are two groups-students and teenagers the prevention education of rape should target on those two groups.

並列關鍵字

Criminology ； Victimology ； Sexual Crimes ； Feminism