台灣閩南語動物語式中的職業與階級觀念

本文探討台灣閩南語動物語式中的職業和階級觀念。萊科夫與杜納（Lakoff 和Turner, 1989）”人為動物”（PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS）的概念化修辭、以及謝菁玉（Hsieh, 2001）動物語式反應社會的觀點是我們的研究架構。語料來源是台灣幾個學術機構如中研院語言學研究所和教育部國語推行委員會架構的閩南語辭典，共計收集到771個動物語式。我們觀察（1）.動物語式與職業相關的面相、探討所使用動物的形象和職業性質的關聯。接著（2）.探討動物語式中的階級觀念，說明這些語式的特點。最後（3）.我們也將觀察到的現象和其他語言的相關研究做一比較。透過對台灣閩南語動物語式中職業與階級觀念的表達，我們了解到語言使用的差異，亦看出台灣人對職業和階級的理解以及相關的社會觀念。

關鍵字

台灣閩南語；動物語式；職業；階級觀念；語言比較

並列摘要

This paper delves into the concepts of occupation and stratum in animal expressions in Taiwanese Southern Min. The concept PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS (Lakoff and Turner, 1989) and ”animal expression is a reflection of society” (Hsieh, 2001) build the research framework of this study. Our corpus contains of 771 animal expressions is collected from Taiwanese Southern Min dictionaries such as that edited by Academia Sinica and Ministry of Education. We first examine the expressions related to occupation: positive or negative image, legend or tradition related. We discuss about the relation of the occupation and animal as well as their underlying conceits. Secondly, we analyze the concept of stratum of Southern Min users that concealed in animal expression. Lastly, the findings are compared with researchers' findings that also concern with animal expressions in other languages. Southern Min users' point of view about animals, occupation, and how they react in the society are revealed in this study.