招魂與除魅：閻連科鄉土小說的神話敘事與隱喻

Evocation and Disenchantment: Mythical Narratives and Metaphors in Yan Lianke's Fictions

陳孟君(Meng-Chun Chen)

《東華漢學》 10期 (2009/12) Pp. 325-360

https://doi.org/10.6999/DHJCS.200912.0325

摘要

閻連科鄉土小說的神話敘事旨在找尋中國文化的精神與再生力量、安身立命的價值，顯示神話敘事是一套處理現代性焦慮等議題的重要話語體系。神話敘事藉由攸關個體生死、文化根脈和國家發展的追溯歷程，除了為毛父神話除魅外，更建構主體價值和身分認同，以及重新思索文化中國的本質內涵。一九九七年以後的閻連科創造了嶄新的表意修辭系統、形式結構和陌生化的語言，讓其意圖傳達的理念具有新穎和獨特的文學審美性，解構敘事與除魅策略便是閻連科自我突破的敘述策略與修辭之一。然而，當閻連科建構文化中國的現代性敘事，並非採取反抗毛文體的二元對立姿態，其仍舊深受創傷記憶的歷史幽靈和毛話語的歷史潛文本所影響，使建構／解構、除魅／招魂中形成複雜和充滿張力的辯證內涵。本文由「建構敘述與除魅策略」、「巫醫療治與國體病症的隱喻」、「母體樂園的想像與聖／俗時間的辯證」、「翻轉紅色修辭與新編古典神話」四個面向，討論閻連科鄉土小說的神話敘事與隱喻。

關鍵字

歷史創傷 ； 毛父神話 ； 神話敘事 ； 毛文體 ； 除魅／招魂

並列摘要

Mythical narratives of Yan Lianke's Fictions aim at identifying the spirit of Chinese culture and regeneration of strength. It shows that myth is an important discourse system to deal with the subject of modern anxiety. Through the tracing back that is closely related to individual's fate cultural roots, and national development, mythical narratives remove the sacred myth of Cultural Revolution, construct subjectivity, and rethink the essence of cultural China. Since 1997, Yan Lianke has created a new system of rhetoric, a form of literary structure and a defamiliarized language. This makes the way he expresses his ideas novel and unique in terms of literary aesthetic. Constructing cultural China and deconstructing the myth of Cultural Revolution is one of the Yan Lianke's narrative strategies. However, Yan Lianke establishes a modern narrative of cultural China, rather than adopting an antagonistic attitude towards Mao's style (毛文體). After all, he has been deeply traumatized by the impact of historical memory, thereby ”construction/ deconstruction” and ”evocation and disenchantment” forming complex and dialectical connotation.

並列關鍵字

history of trauma ； the myth of Father Mao ； mythical narrative ； Mao's style ； evocation and disenchantment

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