臺灣修憲與台美中三角關係

Taiwan's Constitutional Amendments and Taipei-Washington-Beijing Relationship

林文程(Wen-Cheng Lin) ； 林正義(Cheng-Yi Lin)

《臺灣民主季刊》 3卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 125-164

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200612.0125

摘要

臺灣目前施行之憲法是於1946年在中國大陸所制訂，並不適合臺灣的需要。臺灣在1991年之前並未對此一憲法進行修改，但是自1991年以來卻經歷了七次修憲，只是密集修憲的結果仍然未能讓人滿意，陳總統已經提出要制訂一部新憲法之主張。臺灣修憲或制訂新憲法是一個高度政治敏感之問題，因為它本身就是一項國內主權的表徵，也可能牽涉到臺灣的國際主權地位，不僅可能引發臺灣內部政治風暴，也可能導致台海緊張情勢之升高，因此一向受到美中兩國之關注。本文探討臺灣過去七次修憲對台美中三角關係的影響，以及展望未來如果臺灣進一步修憲或制訂新憲，將會對此一三角關係所產生的衝擊。本文發現臺灣修憲若涉及臺灣政府良治及效能運作，雖然中國有不同意見但美國採取靜默支持的態度。美中台關係也影響到臺灣修憲外在環境，中國愈來愈經由美國政府來施壓臺灣政治發展及修憲的方向。

關鍵字

修憲 ； 兩岸關係 ； 台美關係 ； 美中關係 ； 臺灣國家地位

並列摘要

Taiwan's current constitution was drafted in China in 1946, and as such, it does not meet Taiwan's current needs. While Taiwan did not amend this constitution before 1991, it has enacted constitutional amendments seven times since then. However, constitutional reform is far from complete, and President Chen Shui-bian has been encouraging the drafting of a new constitution. To amend or draft a new constitution in Taiwan is highly politically sensitive and an exercise of domestic sovereignty, because it relates to the issue of Taiwan's statehood. As such, it may not only trigger a political storm on the island, but also increase tension in the Taiwan Strait. It is not difficult to imagine that this issue attracts concern from both the United States and China. This article studies the impact of Taiwan's seven sets of constitutional amendments on the Taipei-Washington-Beijing relationship. In addition, it analyzes the potential impact on this triangular relationship that will result if Taiwan decides to amend its constitution or write a new constitution in the future. This article concludes that if Taiwan's constitutional revisions relate to good governance or modifications of the structure of government, Beijing might have different opinions, but Taipei will receive tacit support from the US. The US-Taiwan-China triangular relationship will have an impact on the external environment of Taiwan's constitutional revision. There is a clear tendency that Beijing, via Washington, tries to constrain Taiwan's political development and its process of constitutional reengineering.

並列關鍵字

constitutional amendment ； cross-strait relations ； U.S.-Taiwan relations ； U.S.-China relations ； Taiwan's statehood

參考文獻

李憲榮(2006)。制訂臺灣新憲法的必要性。臺灣民主季刊。3(1)，1-26。

U.S. Cautions Taiwan Leader over Moves to Frame New Constitution

President Bush, Chinese President Jiang Zemin Discuss Iraq, N. Korea

Bush, Richard D.(2005).Untying the Knot.Washington, DC.:Brookings Institution.

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