解構金權　鞏固民主

Deconstructing Money Politics So as to Consolidate Democracy

簡錫堦(Hsi-Chieh Chien)

《臺灣民主季刊》 5卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 185-192

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200809.0185

摘要

本文藉由回顧台灣錢權交換在不同政治發展階段的型態，歸結出金權政治根源與樣貌的共同點；亦即從威權時代的國民黨黨國資本主義，歷經李登輝上台後以黨營事業建立與資本家間的政商網絡，乃至民進黨執政後以國家資源政策圖利財團換取支持。雖然歷經兩次政黨輪替，然而新自由主義的全球化風潮，以及執政者運用自由化建立新的再管制手段，建立資本家對政府的政治支持之政商侍從主義網絡仍相當穩固，與地方派系之間的恩庇侍從主義亦延續下來。此種錢權交換且利益共生的政商關係，已經成爲影響台灣民主鞏固的最大危機。本文擬以北歐國家的成功典範超克上述困境；即以中間偏左的社會民主主義取代新自由主義，以公費選舉、公民參與打破政治上的恩庇侍從主義，以資訊透明與清廉政治破解政商侍從主義，作爲解構台灣金權政治，深化並鞏固民主的根本之道。

關鍵字

金權政治 ； 派系與政商關係 ； 侍從主義 ； 新自由主義 ； 社會民主主義 ； 民主鞏固

並列摘要

This article summarizes the cause and features of the money politics of Taiwan by reviewing the various types of exchange between the politicians and businessmen under different regimes: namely, the party-state capitalism developmental model under the authoritarian KMT rule, the network exchange between KMT-owned enterprises and the private corporations during President Lee Teng-Hui's tenure, and the DPP's use of national resources and biased policies to benefit certain businessmen and enterprises. Therefore, even though Taiwan has twice experienced a change of ruling party, the clientelism rooted in KMT authoritarian rule has not been dismantled with democratization but was re-framed by new means of regulation in the name of liberalization in the sweep of global neo-liberalism. Such a new model of political-business relationship based on power-money exchange and the binding of interests has become the biggest crisis of Taiwan's democratic consolidation. To overcome the current difficulties, this article proposes to introduce the Scandinavian model to Taiwan: namely, to replace neo-liberalism with social democracy, to break down the political-business coalition with publicly-subsidized elections and citizen's participation, and to disintegrate the clientelism with public access to government information and transparency of policy-making. These measures would deconstruct Taiwan's money politics and deepen the consolidation of democracy.

並列關鍵字

money politics ； local factions ； state-business relation ； neo-liberalism ； social democracy ； democratic consolidation