災後重建與人權保障－以原住民族文化爲本的思考

Post-Morakot Reconstruction and Human Rights Protection: An Indigenous Culture-Based Reflection

蔡志偉(Awi Mona (Chih-Wei Tsai)

《臺灣民主季刊》 6卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 179-193

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200909.0179

摘要

莫拉克颱風以帶來臺灣前所未見的驚人雨量侵襲臺灣，造成原鄉地區生命、財產與文化的嚴重損害。面臨此等天災巨變，當前除了急迫的災民安置與就學、就業等問題，對於驚魂甫定的災區原住民族，提供災民心靈關懷與輔導亦爲相當重要的工作。尤甚者，接續而來有關災區重建復育與規劃的遷村以及部落重建，更是關係原住民族文化延續與發展的重要挑戰。
本文認爲從人權保障的角度來思考原住民族地區的災後重建，應以原住民族文化的守護爲基礎，「人」及其所衍生的社會制度、生態的平衡、意念的溝通等，都是應關注的面向。是以，本文旨在分析《莫拉克颱風災後重建特別條例》實踐《原住民族基本法》保障原住民族權利的規範內容，並參酌相關國際原住民族權利有關救災與重建的規範，提出以人權保障爲基礎的具體建議。

關鍵字

莫拉克颱風 ； 慈善暴力 ； 人權保障 ； 原住民族基本法 ； 多元文化

並列摘要

Typhoon Morakot brought unprecedented rainfall that impacted Taiwan more harshly than ever before in the island's recorded history, consequently resulting in severe loss of life, destruction of property, and danger to the cultures of indigenous peoples. In the face of such a traumatic event, the indigenous peoples need spiritual care and counseling to help recover from the fright, in addition to dealing with urgent issues such as relocation, schooling and employment. The successive reconstruction and restoration of indigenous affected regions is an important challenge for the continuance and development of indigenous cultures. This paper argues that a human rights approach towards the post-disaster reconstruction of indigenous affected regions should be built upon safeguarding the indigenous cultures, the people as a whole and their derivative social systems, the ecological balance, and the communication of beliefs. Thus, this paper takes an analytic-institutional approach to examine the implementation of the Post-Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction Special Act to protect indigenous peoples' rights in accordance with the Indigenous Peoples Basic Law. Also, this paper will deliberate on related international instruments by putting forward concrete recommendations based on the analyses of human rights and indigenous culture-based reflections.

並列關鍵字

typhoon Morakot ； charity violence ； human rights protection ； Indigenous Peoples Basic Law ； multiculturalism

參考文獻

Indigenous Peoples and Their Relationship to Land

行政院莫拉克颱風災後重建推動委員會網站

行政院莫拉克颱風災後重建推動委員會網站

聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處網站