大陸配偶的公民權困境－國族與父權的共謀

The Citizenship Dilemma of Mainlander Spouses in Taiwan: The Conspiracy of Nationalism and Patriarchy

楊婉瑩(Wan-Ying Yang) ； 李品蓉(Piin-Long Lee)

《臺灣民主季刊》 6卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 47-86

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200909.0047

摘要

大陸配偶在台灣，其公民身分受到懷疑，其公民權則是殘缺的。本研究一方面探討在不同的公民權面向－市民權、社會權與政治權上，國族與性別因素兩者如何對於大陸配偶的不同剝奪效果。公民身分與公民權利乃是多層次的概念，並與強制性的國族劃界以及宰制性的性別分工，存在著各種矛盾。另一方面，本文強調國族的排他性效果以及父權的歧視性作用，對於大陸配偶的身分與權利的影響，並非各自獨立的，國族控制往往透過父權來行使，而父權又往往合理化國族宰制的深化。本文透過文獻與訪談分析顯示，在大陸配偶取得公民身分與公民權的過程中，國家主權與階層父權，展演出雙體制壓迫的特色。此種雙重壓迫，在不同公民權層面，呈現出不同的交互影響方式，可以歸結爲：內外有別的市民權、多寡不均的社會權、以及公私之分的政治權。若就公民權三個層面來比較，國族和性別交互作用在大陸配偶的結果，最嚴重的是其政治權完全被剝奪，其次則是市民權受到各種綑綁限制，而在社會權則是受到階層化對待。

關鍵字

大陸配偶 ； 公民權 ； 父權 ； 國族

並列摘要

The female mainlander spouses in Taiwan suffer from treatment as ambivalent citizens with incomplete citizenship rights. On the one hand, this study examines how national and gender factors work together to exploit mainlander spouses' citizen rights, including civil, social, and political rights. This study emphasizes that citizenship is a multi-dimensional concept that contradicts with national identity and patriarchal order. On the other hand, this study stresses that the exclusive effects of national identity and the discriminatory effects of patriarchy on mainlander spouses are not independent; rather, national border controls often rely on the patriarchal order for maintenance, justifying and deepening national domination. By analyzing the existing documents and law texts, as well as conducting interviews, this study shows that in the process of attaining citizenship, national sovereign and hierarchical patriarchy together deploys a dual domination. This dual domination system deploys different ways of mixing effects on different dimensions of citizenship, which could be summarized as: the inside-and-outside division of civil rights, the more-or-less discriminatory distribution of social rights, and the public/private division of political rights. In comparing the three kinds of citizenship rights of mainlander spouses, their political rights have been most seriously and almost completely deprived; next, their civil rights have been restricted in many ways, and lastly, their social rights have been vested with prejudice.

並列關鍵字

mainlander spouse ； citizenship ； patriarchy ； nationalism

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