誰的家園、哪一種願景？－發展主義陰影下的社區運動

Whose Community? Which Future Vision? Taiwan's Community Movement under the Shadow of Developmentalism

何明修(Ming-Sho Ho)

《臺灣民主季刊》 7卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201003.0001

摘要

在過去十餘年來，台灣的社區運動激發起以往飽受打壓的地方認同，也鼓勵許多理想性的公共參與。在官方的鼓勵之下，社區運動已經從原先的文史保存、環境保護，擴展至災區重建、產業發展。然而，既有的研究文獻已經指出，這股社區風潮面臨了不少的困境，包括過度依賴政府資源、地方派系政治的牽制、與專業學術社群的協調不良等。在此，本文將要指出發展主義的意識型態是另一項社區運動遇到的障礙。儘管在共同的地方認同下，社區運動者仍很難說服居民接受這些的想法，經濟成長不是改善其生活的必要條件。本文以橋頭社區運動的個案爲例，特別注重於他們所參與的反對捷運不當規劃抗爭，來說明這種情況。本文認爲，社區運動組織的困境在於無法改造既有的家園想像。

關鍵字

社區運動 ； 地方認同 ； 發展主義 ； 橋頭

並列摘要

It has been more than a decade since the advent of Taiwan's community movement, which not only revitalizes suppressed local identity, but also makes possible idealistic public participation. With official sponsorship, the attention of community movement activists is constantly expanding; now they are engaged with issues of preserving cultural heritage, environmental protection, rebuilding after disaster, and promotion of industry. While existing literature has pointed some pathologies, such as over-dependency on government resources, factionalism and political strife, and miscommunication within academic circles, this paper argues that developmentalism also hinders further growth of community movement. As a prevalent ideology, developmentalism holds that economic growth is the sole precondition of the improvement of wellbeing. This paper highlights the fact that most community residents still subscribe to this mentality, even though they seemingly share local identity as advocated by community activists. I use the case of the Ciaotou community movement to substantiate my argument, giving special attention to the protest against the route planning of the Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit. In short, while local identity has been successfully established as a broadly-based consensus in Taiwan's political culture, ”whose community and which future vision” remains as contentious.

並列關鍵字

community movement ； local identity ； developmentalism ； Ciaotou

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