境外協定與國會監督

Beyond the Border Agreement and Congressional Supervision

黃秀端(Shiow-Duan Hawang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 7卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 145-155

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201003.0145

摘要

由於台灣的處境，使得我們與非邦交國與大陸簽訂的協定是否爲立法院監督的範圍，曾引發行政與立法之爭議。不過經大法官之解釋以及相關法律之規定，立法院之監督已是無庸置疑。
我們觀察自從2008年6月以來的四次江陳會所簽的協定與金融MOU的簽署全部都未完成立法院審查，最後都是以「自動生效」收場。一方面，行政部門刻意規避監督，另一方面，立法部門未盡到監督責任。
相對於行政部門，立委仍處於一種資訊不對稱的狀態，此種不對稱的狀態，使得國會監督能力受到嚴重的限制。然而代表「國民主權原則」之立法院，在締約過程中，適度介入與監督，是不容置疑的。未來ECFA的談判與簽訂其所涉外部風險與內部疑慮相當高，若立法院無法監督恐非台灣社會之福。

關鍵字

條約 ； 協定 ； 立法審查 ； 兩岸關係 ； 兩岸經濟合作架構協議

並列摘要

Whether agreements concluded between Taiwan and those countries with no formal diplomatic relations with us, or between Taiwan and mainland China, should be sent to the Legislative Yuan (LY) for deliberation has sparked further conflict between the Executive Yuan and LY. However, after the Grand Justices' interpretation and the enactment of the Bill of Cross-Strait Relations, the LY without a doubt should play an important role in the agreements signed by the government.
Twelve agreements after four Chiang-Chen meetings and a bilateral financial memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the two sides have not completed review in the LY, yet all are automatically to take effect. On the one hand, the executive branch tries to avoid the subversion from the legislative branch; on the other hand, the legislative branch has not really fulfilled its duty and responsibility to review the agreements. As sovereign body, the LY has the power and responsibility to take part in any agreement signed between our country and other countries, including China.
There is an asymmetric information problem with the executive branch, making it difficult for the legislative branch to supervise them. However, no legislator can escape the fact that the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) will either benefit or harm millions of people in Taiwan. The LY must take an active role to participate in and involve itself in the negotiation and review process in order to protect the interests of the Taiwan public.

並列關鍵字

treaty ； agreement ； cross-strait relations ； legislative deliberation ； Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement ECFA

參考文獻

Schmidt, Steffen W.,Mack C. Shelley,Barbara A. Bardes(1999).American Government and Politics Today.Boston:Wadsworth.

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