台灣一九七○年代的勞動抗爭初探

On Taiwan's Labor Protests in the 1970s

劉華真(Hwa-Jen Liu)

《臺灣民主季刊》 7卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 31-63

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201003.0031

摘要

相對於研究1980年代的沸沸揚揚，1970年代的社會衝突、抗爭沒有得到足夠的重視，也缺乏系統性的經驗研究。本文藉由描繪台灣早期工業化的勞動抗爭(1971-1980)，來增加我們對於1970年代的理解，從這些勞動抗爭所觀察到的特性，也可以成爲進一步追問的研究問題。根據《中國時報》的報導內容，本文蒐集了209則勞動抗爭事件，並對其特性、趨勢進行分析。本文進一步指出在早期勞動抗爭中兩項特別值得探究的議題。首先是礦工的抗爭強度，礦工比其他產業的工人更傾向於採用直接對抗、激烈衝突的手段來表達他們的怨懟和不滿，這一點和其他國家的早期經驗非常接近。再者，部份「私人化」的抗爭行動也與其他國家的早期勞動抗爭形成對比，這也進一步引導我們去探究台灣、亞洲工人是否有其抗議資本主義的特殊形式。

關鍵字

勞動抗爭 ； 早期工業化 ； 礦工 ； 私人化抗爭手段

並列摘要

In contrast to the enthusiasm of researching social protest in the 1980s, social protests initiated by the laypeople in the 1970s are rather left without systematic scrutiny. In order to enhance our understanding of the decade right before the vibrant eighties, this article provides a preliminary analysis of labor protests between 1971 and 1980 and attempts to formulate new research questions with significance. Two hundred and nine labor protest events were collected from newspaper archives, and their overall characteristics and trends were analyzed. Two points are particularly worth noting. First, the level of the coalminers' militancy far exceeded that of workers in other industries, a phenomenon echoed by other countries’ experiences during the early stage of industrialization. Second, Taiwanese workers also employed private means of protest to vent their frustration and anger, in stark contrast to England's luddism. Both points lead us to reflect on the unique patterns of labor protests in Taiwan in particular, and in East Asia in general.

並列關鍵字

labor protest ； early industrialization ； coalminers ； private means of protest

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