誰能容忍貪腐？

Who Can Afford to Tolerate Corruption?

蘇毓昌(Yu-Chang Su) ； 胡龍騰(Lung-Teng Hu)

《臺灣民主季刊》 10卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 1-38

摘要

我國在民主轉型過程中，黑金與貪腐情事層出不窮，影響政府整體施政效能與民眾對政府的信賴。在過往反貪腐過程中，大多仰賴政府公權力單方面的執行，致使改革成效不甚凸顯、阻力重重，改革與執行的面向皆存在許多待克服的問題。隨著公民意識的抬頭，民眾對於貪腐的容忍度日益降低。如何適時在反貪腐政策推動過程中導入公民社會的力量，將是未來不容忽視的重要課題之一。其中，若能深入瞭解那一類型與屬性的民眾較為無法容忍貪腐情事，那一類型與屬性的民眾對於貪腐具有較高的寬容度，則將有助於反貪運動的社會動員與政策倡導之策略擬定。然而，可惜的是，檢閱相關文獻，吾人卻未能對我國公民社會在反貪腐議題中的人口組成與結構有一清楚的輪廓與瞭解。爰此，本文以法務部2007年所進行我國廉政民意調查為基礎，針對受訪者之社會人口特徵進行實證分析，發現屬貪腐高容忍群者，具有以下特質：男性、年齡在40－49歲之間、具高中／職的教育程度、擔任高、中階白領；相對於此，在貪腐低容忍群中，其主要公民結構與特徵則為：女性、年齡在20－29歲、具高中／職教育程度、擔任高、中階白領。本文期待在此瞭解基礎上，我國未來之反貪運動得以依不同人口特質，進一步引進公民社會力量以強化公民在反貪腐議題中之力量與廣度。

關鍵字

反貪腐 ； 廉能政府 ； 公民社會 ； 公民結構 ； 人口特徵

並列摘要

Frequent political corruption scandals have not only destroyed people's trust in government, but also undermined the government's legitimacy and effectiveness since Taiwan's democratic transformation that has begun more than two decades ago. Combating corruption is clearly no longer the sole responsibility of the public sector; rather, both the private sector and the society at large must now do their parts in order to create synergistic anti-corruption partnerships. Fundamentally, it has long been known that a vibrant civil society and citizen participation in politics are critical to the success of anti-corruption movement. However, it seems that we still do not have a clear idea of who can and who cannot tolerate corruption in Taiwan. This crucial question is often ignored while it is the key challenge for civil society organizations to mobilize the right people to join the anti-corruption campaigns. This article attempts to fill in this theoretical and practical gap by differentiating citizens based on their demographic characteristics and determines their level of corruption tolerance. The empirical findings indicate that the high tolerant group consists of individuals with the following features: they are men, between 40 and 49 years of age, have the education level of high-school, and work in high/mid-level white-collar jobs. By contrast, the low tolerant group has the characteristics of being female, between 20 and 29 years of age, high-school educated, and a high/mid-level white-collar professional. Given these results, this study suggests that future anti-corruption campaigns should be developed based on citizen composition in mind, as different campaigns attract different groups of citizens to participate.

並列關鍵字

anti-corruption ； government integrity and effectiveness ； civil society ； citizen composition ； demographic characteristics

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