中日語篇裏的關係子句與主題性

關係子句的前人文獻，大多數由句子層面來探討，而甚少由語篇（discourse. text）層面來切人。關係子句是口譯時經常會發生困難的語法結構之一（楊承淑， 2000）。為了減少口譯時關係子句的困難度，本稿分析了同一題材的中日廣播新聞報導（口語）與電子新聞記事（書面），探討在語篇中，關係子句有何分布以及如何展開主題。結果發現：l. 關係子句的分布：a. 書面篇章（text）多於口語言談（discourse）b. 日文口語言談多於中文口語言談。2. 關係子句的出現位置：a. 會受語篇的中心命題思想影響。b. 主要子句的主語前面，容易出現附加訊息的關係子句；主要子句的賓語前面，容易出現限制性與補充内容的關係子句。3. 關係子句與主題：a. 與主要子句主題不同的關係子句較多出現於中日口語言談與中文書面篇章。與主要子句主題相同的關係子句，則較多出現於日文書面篇章。b. 篇章裡的關係子句，具有引介主要主題以及展開次要主題的功能。以上中日語篇裡關係子句的傾向，有助於口譯時掌握關係子句的出現位置及其譯法。

關鍵字

關係子句；主題；書面篇章；口語言談

並列摘要

There is some literature on relative clauses (RCs) from the perspective of text rather than sentence. RC is a difficult syntactic device to interpret (Yang, 2000). To reduce this interpretative difficulty, t he present study analyzed both distribution and function of topic development of RCs in Chinese and Japanese texts. The materials consisted of written and spoken texts drawn from Chinese and Japanese radio and on-line news and dealing with the same subjects. The findings are as follows1. Distribution of RCsa. Higher frequency in written than spoken texts.b. More RCs in Japanese spoken texts than in Chinese spoken texts2. Occurrence of RCs: a. The central proposition of a text influences the occurrence of RCs. b. Information-bearing (non-restrictive) RCs tend to modify subjects. Restrictive RCs and appositional clauses that complement the content of head noun tend to modify objects3. RCs and topic: a. RCs with different topic than the main clause occur more often in Chinese written and spoken texts. as well as Japanese spoken texts. RCs with the same topic as the main clause occur more often in Japanese written texts. b. The functions of RCs of texts include introducing main topics, and developing minor topicsUnderstanding the tendencies of RCs in Chinese and Japanese texts will be helpful in grasping their occurrence and interpretation strategy.