關於頻率副詞之考察－以高頻率副詞為中心

本論文將，「たえず」「しじゅう」「しょっちゅう」「よく」視為高頻率副詞，以明確各個詞在構文上及意思上的特徵為目的。以有無時間限定性、句尾述語的特徵、整個句子是否已實現、能否和否定句相呼應、能否和程度副詞一起使用這些方法來考察這四個詞的構文特徵。另一方面，從是否能相互置換來了解這四個詞在意思上的特徵。由構文上來看，四個詞都未受制於時間限定性，「運動性」「界限性」對四個詞的句尾述語來說是重要的這兩點為四個詞的共通點。相對於此，具有「狀態性」的述語能出現在「たえず」「しじゅう」的句尾；「たえず」「しじゅう」能和否定句相呼應；「しょっちゅう」「よく」能和程度副詞一起使用這些為這四個詞的相異點。由意思上來看，高頻率副詞有像「たえず」「しじゅう」這樣表行為不間斷持續著的副詞，也有像「しょっちゅう」「よく」這樣表相同行為重複地發生的副詞；「しょっちゅう」比「よく」多用在負面評價上這樣的特徵。

關鍵字

高頻率副詞；時間限定性；運動性；界限性；狀態性

並列摘要

This study examines high-frequency adverbs ＂taezu,＂＂shijyuu,＂＂syottyuu,＂ and ＂yoku＂ to better understand the sentence structure and meaning of each adverb. Traits analyzed concerning sentence structure include whether or not they are time limited, characteristics of the predicate clause, if the sentence depicts an ＂already completed＂ action, and the connotation of the speaker. We also analyzed whether or not these adverbs were interchangeable in meaning. Study results concerning sentence structure show that none of the four adverbs are time limited. The motion and boundaries of their predicate clauses are a shared, important characteristic that all four adverbs share. Predicates that depict status can appear after ＂taezu＂ and ＂shijyuu＂; ＂taezu＂ and ＂shijyuu＂ can draw parallels to negative sentences; ＂syottyuu＂ and ＂yoku＂ may be used together with adverbs of degree; and ＂shijyuu＂ and ＂syottyuu＂ are used mostly in a negative connotation. As concerning meaning, high-frequency adverbs such as ＂taezu＂ and ＂shijyuu＂ are used to depict actions continuing without interruption, whereas ＂syottyuu＂ and ＂yoku＂ are used to express the same action occurring repeatedly. ＂Syottyuu＂ is used more frequently in a negative context.