從戰爭本質觀點論析「絕對戰爭」與「超限戰」的價值與限制

The Analysis of "Absolute War" and "Unrestricted Warfare" in Value and Limitation from the View of War's Essence

胡敏遠(Ming-Yuan Hu)

《國防雜誌》 26卷2期 (2011/04) Pp. 97-108

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2011.26(2).7

摘要

一、本文運用克勞塞維茨「絕對戰爭」及中共「超限戰」的戰爭哲理，探討戰爭的本質與政治的關係，同時論述戰爭型態的改變是否改變用兵的方式及理論。二、絕對戰爭理論的目的是為了統一戰爭中的各種現象，以使這些戰爭現象能獲得理論性的哲理基礎。但絕對戰爭的觀念只能存在於抽象的戰爭中，現實世界中不可能存在。三、超限戰企圖顛覆傳統戰爭原理。戰爭可用一切手段包括武力和非武力、軍事和非軍事、超越任何的限制與組合，強迫敵方接受自己的利益。此種型態的戰爭實際上為一種烏托邦式的戰爭狀態。四、「絕對戰爭」、「有限戰爭」或「超限戰」的戰爭型態無法與政治分離。政治目的／戰爭目的／戰爭目標都可以辯證法則找出其間的關聯性，戰爭計畫的目的與手段也都處在戰略性與務實性的辯證邏輯中。

關鍵字

絕對戰爭 ； 超限戰 ； 戰爭目的 ； 戰爭目標

並列摘要

1. To discuss the nature in warfare and political relationship, this article uses the philosophy of warfare in Clausewitz's ”absolute war” and People's Liberation Army's (PLA) ”unrestricted warfare”. Here, we also examine that whether should the manner and theory of applying forces should be modified, since the pattern of warfare has been transformed.2. The theory of absolute war was suggested to unify every possible phenomenon in the warfare and to gain its theoretical basis. However, the concept of absolute war could only exist in an abstract world. It is unlikely to occur in realistic warfare.3. The idea of unrestricted warfare attempted to overthrow the theory of conventional warfare. It encompass every possible means, which includes force and non-force, military and non-military, beyond any restriction or combinations, in order to coerce the adversary to meet our interest. In fact, it was merely an utopian style warfare.4. The concept of ”absolute war”, ”restricted warfare” and ”unrestricted warfare” can not be easily differentiated from politics. By using dialectic method, it is possible to identify the connection among political gains, purpose of war and campaign objectives. The ends and means of war plan also could be derived using the strategic and pragmatic logics of dialectic method.

並列關鍵字

Absolute war ； Unrestricted warfare ； Purpose of war ； Campaign objectives