《孫子兵法》中「歸師勿遏」與「窮寇勿迫」之新解

《孫子兵法》第七篇中的「歸師勿遏」與「窮寇勿迫」二種用兵之法，一般皆解釋為「不要阻擋回營的部隊，以免敵方死戰」與「不要逼迫窮寇，以免敵方死戰」。但是衡諸上下文，筆者以為這兩句應該解釋為「對於回營的敵軍，不要手軟」與「對於窮寇，不妨放手」。前者的解釋與傳統解釋剛好相反，不是不阻擋敵軍，而是猛攻敵軍。至於後者的解釋雖然看似與傳統解釋方向一致，都是勿與窮寇交手，但是所持理由卻完全不同，不是怕敵死戰以致造成己之損傷，而是因為心存善念，不嗜濫殺，所以不妨放敵一馬。換言之，「窮寇勿迫」可與現代武裝衝突法所揭櫫之國際人道主義有所聯繫。

關鍵字

歸；遏；窮寇；武裝衝突法

並列摘要

Traditionally, 'gui she wu er'(歸師勿遏)and 'qong kou wu po'(窮寇勿迫) mentioned in the Chapter 7 of Sun Tze's ”the Art of War” are perceived as 'do not deter enemy from going home since such a determined troop is dangerous and invincible' and 'do not press on battered enemy since they will fight back ruthlessly and hurt you in return'. However, this writer tries to introduce views not only different from but also contrary to the traditional ones. He argues that 'gui she wu er' means 'Do attack homebound enemy fiercely and mercilessly' and that 'qong kou wu po' means 'For humanity's sake, do not press on battered enemy'.