豬囊尾蚴病(Cysticercosis)是豬肉絛蟲(Taenia solium)的幼蟲寄生於人體組織引起的疾病。在較為貧困或是發展中的國家,如拉丁美洲、印度、東南亞等,是常見的感染疾病,縱使在公共衛生發展健全的美國,從2003年到2012年期間,約18,500人因中樞神經性豬囊尾蚴病而住院,儘管台灣在公共衛生發展已然不劣於其他醫療先進國家,仍有少數感染中樞神經性豬囊尾蚴病的案例發生,因此,醫療人員對於此疾病治療,應該要有基本認識。目前治療的方法主要分為藥物治療以及手術治療,儘管有手術治療,仍必須合併藥物治療。現行文獻建議的藥物,以albendazole與praziquantel作為治療選擇。除此之外,可併用抗發炎療法來緩解因感染引起的腦部水腫以及治療過程中,死掉的蟲體所引起的發炎反應,若病患有癲癇發作,則可依據病人的狀況選擇抗癲癇藥物治療。相較於praziquantel,使用 albendazole治療中樞神經性豬囊尾蚴病,不管在效果上或是不良反應,都有較優的表現,但在台灣難以取得,在治療中,如病患無相關禁忌症,加上類固醇治療,可以降低癲癇發作的機率並緩解疾病與藥物的副作用,若病患發生癲癇,可考慮使用抗癲癇藥物來治療,依據病患的狀況,可考慮適當的劑量與療程,甚至合併療法。
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an infection of the ...... by the larval form of Taenia solium. It is widely prevalent in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the United States, however, there were 18,584 hospitalizations for NCC between 2003 and 2012. The management for NCC includes surgery and medication, wherein the optimal timing for surgery depends on the patient's infection, especially on the fetal condition. Medication includes antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, and antiepileptic therapies for general management. Albendazole and praziquantel as antiparasitic therapy are recommended by current guidelines. The optimal therapy for patients with NCC depends on several factors, including the location, number, and type of cysts. Current studies indicate that albendazole is preferred over praziquantel for NCC.