《昭昧詹言》以文法評詩的特色與評論意義

The Characteristics and Critical Significance of the Use of Grammar to Analyze Poetry in the "Shao Mei Chan Yen"

楊淑華(Shu-Hua Yang)

《臺中師院學報》 19卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 243-268

https://doi.org/10.7037/JNTTC.200506.0243

摘要

「以文論詩」是方東樹詩論的重要特徵，自郭紹虞以來，近代學者相繼討論，但多止於現象分析，未能聯繫其詩論內涵，深究此論述特徵的意義。本文試圖追溯方東樹創作論的基礎觀念，並籠罩全書批評體例、論述形式、與撰著者學術性格…等多元視野，結合考試制度、詩文評點等社會因素，期能重新觀察《昭昧詹言》中「以文法評詩」的特殊現象，討論其呈現的評論意義。因而得知：「絕去蹊徑、別具隻眼」的創作意識，不但是宋代詩學為現代學者所公推的核心觀念，更啟發了方東樹等清代詩人的創作自覺，衍生為詩論中詩藝特質、創作原理的討論；至於，著眼於教學實際而會通文法、詩藝用語，精細於章法結構的釐析，則是方東樹等後代詩論家的創變所在，亦可視為對宋代詩學的創意詮釋。凡此二者，乃本文在探討《昭昧詹言》以文法評詩特色後可歸結的詩學發展意義。

並列摘要

Modern scholars have discussed Fang Tung-shih's theory of poetry, which is characterized by his conviction that ”poetry should be analyzed on the basis of the text,” since Kuo Shao-yu brought up the opinion. Most of these scholars, however, limit themselves to analysis of phenomena, and fail to connect with the content of Fang's theory and deeply probe the characteristic meaning of his ideas. This paper seeks to trace the fundamental ideals behind Fang's theory of art, and, by looking from multiple angles such as the book's critical style, discourse, forms, and the author's scholarly personality, etc., and incorporating social factors such as the examination system and critical literary commentary, attempts to re-examine the special phenomenon of ”using grammar to analyze poetry” in the ”Shao Mei Chan Yen,” and discuss this phenomenon's significance.
It can be seen that the artistic meaning of ”abandon the narrow path, maintain an original opinion” is not only is what modern scholars have generally put forth as the core of Song Dynasty poetic theory, but also what inspired the creative self-awareness of Fang Tung-shih and other Qing Dynasty poets. This is expanded into a discussion of creative principles and poetic characteristics in the theory of poetry. The novel aspect of Fang Tung-shih and other later poetry critics was their attention to teaching practice, their understanding of grammar and poetic terminology, and their expertise at analyzing phrasing and structure; this can also be seen as the innovative interpretation of Song Dynasty poetry. These two things are significant aspects of the development of poetry criticism that can be gleaned from an exploration of the way grammar is used to analyze poetry in the ”Shao Mei Chan Yen.”

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