全盲大學畢業生就業轉銜目標發展與就業轉銜需求之探究

The Development of Job Goals and the Needs of School-to-Work Transition in College Graduates with Total Blindness

吳佳蒨(Chia-Chien Wu) ； 張千惠(Chien-Huey Sophie Chang)

《中華輔導與諮商學報》 33期 (2012/08) Pp. 53-85

https://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.201208.0053

摘要

本研究旨在探究全盲大學畢業生就業轉銜目標發展之因素與就業轉銜需求。研究者以多次且長時間（前後十四個月）的深入訪談方式，訪問3位全盲大學畢業生及其8位重要相關人士。本研究發現，影響受訪者就業轉銜目標發展的主因為：刻板印象及自我決策之信念。刻板印象是指，一般社會大眾認為視障者只能從事按摩或點字校對等傳統行業。同時本研究亦發現，研究參與者的就業轉銜需求包括：（1）培養專業工作技能（例：從事點字校對所需具備之專業工作技能為點字摸讀及點字校對能力），與核心就業技能（例：溝通能力、自我決策能力、與積極工作態度）；（2）需要接受職務再設計之服務，包括：視力協助員，盲用電腦輔具，調整工作方式及改善工作環境（出差單電子化、無障礙就業考試環境、參與不需視力的工作，例：與同事一起搬運重物）、營造無障礙之心理及物理工作環境、提供點字或有聲專業書籍及網路硬碟）；（3）需要培養獨立上下班之行動能力；以及（4）需要從事休閒活動。最後，本文亦說明研究限制與建議未來研究方向。

關鍵字

全盲大學畢業生 ； 刻板印象 ； 就業轉銜需求

並列摘要

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore factors that might impact the development of job goals and the needs of school-to-work transition in college graduates with total blindness. Multiple semi-structured interviews were conducted (during 14 months) with 3 college graduates with total blindness, and their 8 significant others. The major findings indicated that the ability of making self-determination, and ”stereotype” (meaning that blind people can only do some traditional jobs such as being massage therapists or Braille proof readers) were the major factors that influenced the participants' development of job goals. Additionally, the participants' needs for transition consisted of: (a) professional skills that were required by a certain job such as skills for proof-reading texts in braille, and prerequisite skills that could be applied to all kinds of jobs, for example, skills for communication, self-determination, and positive work attitude; (b) job accommodation, including assistants for visual tasks, assistive technology devices, adjusting work processes and improving work environments, barrier-free work environments, professional audio-books and books in braille; (c) mobility skills for independent commuting; and (d) leisure skills. Finally, the limitation of the study and the future research directions were discussed.

並列關鍵字

college graduates with total blindness ； stereotypes ； the needs of school-to-work transition

參考文獻

陳麗如(2008)。大專校院身心障礙學生轉銜生活及轉銜行為之研究。特殊教育學報。28，57-96。

許天威、蕭金土、吳訓生、林和姻、陳亭伃(2002)。大專校院身心障礙學生學校適應狀況之研究。特殊教育學報。16，159-198。

林宏熾、黃湘儀(2007)。高中職身心障礙學生轉銜技能表現之分析研究。特殊教育研究學刊。32(2)，17-46。

王文玲（2008）。視障才能做按摩，大法官說違憲。2009 年11 月15 日，取自：http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NAT5/4582506.shtml/。

內政部（2007）。身心障礙者權益保障法。台北：作者。