八八風災後心理減壓工作成效與介入經驗之探究

本文的目的在描述八八風災後於災區協助當地學童進行創傷後安心輔導心理減壓工作的經過，研究目的分為兩大部分，其一為了解此服務的成效，另一部分則呈現外地來的心理師進入災區與當地中小學進行此工作的經驗。研究方法分為問卷調查法暨訪談法；調查法對象為災區中的國中小學生，共計2,137名，並以階層線性成長模型分析其於創傷後壓力量表的得分變化。訪談法對象為提供服務的心理師，共10名，以紮根理論分析法進行資料分析，探究其於災區進行減壓服務的經驗。綜合二者的資料，本研究重要發現包括：首先，外地心理師至災區進行的減壓服務能有效降低創傷壓力反應的分數；其次，服務對象不只包含學生，也需將中介人（學校教師）視為服務及合作的對象；最後，心理師需具備尊重文化差異的精神暨外展服務的彈性，除心理減壓的專業知能外，亦需加強文化敏感度及自我的照護。

關鍵字

天然災害；創傷後壓力症侯群

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a team of psychologists' post disaster mental health interventions on reducing the traumatic stress of children in the affected areas. The study contains two parts. One is to discern the effectiveness of such a psychological rehabilitative work delivered by the psychologists and the other is to describe the process of such work in relieving psychological trauma for the children. The research methods included questionnaires and interviews. For the quantitative component of the study, the participants included 2,137 students and the analysis was conducted using Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM) to answer the question: ”Does the interventions program effectively reduce the traumatic distress index reported by the participants?” Additionally, the researcher interviewed 10 psychologists and asked them to describe the entire experiences of implementing the post disaster mental health program in the affected areas. This study identified some important findings. First, the traumatic distress index scores of the participants were significantly reduced after the mental health interventions. Second, it is recommended that the interventions program should be directed towards school teachers as additional targets of the service. Lastly, it is essential that the psychologists engaging in such a post-disaster interventions work to possess the qualities and the skills of culture sensitivity, self care, and clinical flexibility.