由促進就業與經濟發展看我國勞動法制應有之發展

A Study on the Development of Labor Law and Regulations from the View of Promoting Employment and Economy in Taiwan

鄭津津(Chin-Chin Cheng)

《中正大學法學集刊》 14期 (2004/01) Pp. 205-241

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200401.0006

摘要

近年來，由於國內勞動成本日益增加、投資環境日益惡劣、政治局勢不安定等因素，企業出走的情況日益嚴重，直接造成國內失業率攀升，間接造成經濟不景氣。造成國內日益嚴重的失業與經濟問題的原因甚為複雜，但現行相關勞動法令的缺乏彈性與應有功能是相當重要的因素。
我國的勞動法制可說是「個別勞動法過度發展，集體勞動法缺乏功能」。而勞動基準法一直是我國最重要的個別勞動法，雖然該法提供勞工在各項勞動條件上最基本的保障，但同時也因為該法以一致性的規定適用在大多數的事業單位中，造成勞動條件過於僵化，事業主在經營管理上缺乏彈性，勞動成本因而增加，為維持一定之獲利，產品之售價勢必增加，市場競爭力必然相對降低。當事業主生產的產品不再具有競爭力，且又礙於法令無法調整勞動成本時，雇主勢必會尋找其他的投資管道。近年來，國內產業大量外移，資金大量流失，即是一個明顯的例子。產業大量外移之後，勞工即會面臨大量失業的問題，整體產業也會面臨經濟不景氣的困境。
為使事業主能透過勞動條件彈性化以調整其勞動成本，勞動基準法的鬆綁有其必要性。當勞動條件不再透過勞動基準法一致化的規定來規範時，勞資雙方透過團體協商制定適合雙方的勞動條件即相形重要。此外，非典型勞動的規範、職能訓練的加強、產業升級的促進、核心員工效率的提升、年齡歧視的禁止等相關勞動政策與規範的制定皆是促進就業與經濟發展的重要議題。

關鍵字

勞動法制 ； 勞動條件 ； 工資 ； 工時 ； 資遣 ； 退休 ； 適用對象 ； 勞動基準法 ； 經濟發展 ； 就業

並列摘要

In recent years, due to the increase of labor cost, deterioration of investment environment and unstable political situation, the unemployment rate grows rapidly and economy deteriorates. The factors causing the above problems are complicated. However, the current labor laws and regulations lack for flexibility and efficiency is a very important factor.
In Taiwan, the ”individual labor law” is over developed, but the ”collective labor law” is lack for efficiency. The Labor Standards Law has been the most important ”individual labor law” in Taiwan. Although the Labor Standards Law provides a basic protection of working conditions for workers, it also creates a problem of inflexibility on employers' management. Under this situation, labor cost for most enterprises has inevitably increased. In order to maintain certain profit, employers have to increase the price of their products. The competition capacity of these enterprises will decline ultimately. When the enterprises lose their competition capacity in the international market, they will find a way out. If they are unable to adjust their labor cost due to the regulations of current labor law, they will try to find a better investment environment. In recent years, many enterprises have terminated their business in Taiwan, and have moved their business to China or southeastern Asian countries. Once these enterprises conclude their business, workers used to work for them have to face unemployment. It will also cause negative impact on economy.
In order to enable employers adjust their labor cost through adopting flexible working conditions, it is necessary to loosen the regulations of the Labor Standards Law. When the working conditions are no longer strictly regulated by the Labor Standards Law, it is important for employers and employees to bargain the working conditions collectively. Without the presence of practical unions, the collective bargaining system can not be effectively functioned. Moreover, it is impossible that agreements can be reached through collective bargaining each time. The system to solve labor dispute is thus very important. It is also important to regulate atypical employment, strengthen occupational training, urge industry upgrading, raise the efficiency of core employees, reduce supportive labor, and abolish age discrimination.

並列關鍵字

labor law ； working conditions ； the Labor Standards Law ； temporary employment ； wages ； working hours ； lay-off, employment ； economy development