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智能障礙學生社會性溝通能力的培養及實務經驗:以融合式學校教學為例

The Development of Social Communicative Skills of Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Case Studies in Inclusive Education

摘要


啟智教育的終極目標,將落實在教學者及家長的良性互動中,繼而協助智能障礙學生,建立群我關係具備獨立生活的技能,並增進社會適應及溝通的能力。融合教育在台灣地區實施已經超過十年,各縣市實際實行的狀況不盡相同,融合教學尚存在許多的困難,除此,老師、普通學生及家屬尚在調適的階段等,都是融合式學校教學面對的問題。在回歸主流的教育政策及社區化的原則下,個案與一般學生在課堂上的相處是勢必的,其人際關係互動、社會溝通能力與技巧,皆是一般學生與個案都必須學習的課程。本文以實務工作多年之經驗,將融合式教學班級的老師、學生與個案等之現況,所遭遇問題,以觀察經驗及實際教學情境做描述。並以Bradshaw(1972)所提出的需求理論,感覺性、規範性、表達性及比較性等需求理論,建立起融合式教學技巧的運用,最後並以行為改變模式應用在融合式教學上,來教導及訓練特殊學生,以其連慣性及共通性,引起學習動機、加強刺激或重覆訓練等功能性,達到訓練及教導目的。

並列摘要


The function of special education for students with intellectual disabilities will focus on the good relationship between the teachers and the families, to help students to build their living and adaptive skills independently. The inclusive education for students with intellectual disabilities has been enforced more than a decade in Taiwan. However, there are many obstacles to operate this kind of project effectively and efficiently. The aim of the present article is to describe the provision of inclusive education based on the practical experience in teaching for students with special needs. The author discusses the provision on many perspectives: teachers, the general students and students with intellectual disabilities. Finally, the author apply Bradshaw’s need theory in the analysis of inclusive education to improve the knowledge and teaching for students with intellectual disabilities.

參考文獻


嚴嘉楓、羅慶徽、林金定、陳美花、吳佳玲、李宗楠、馮世祥(2004)。健康需求評估應用於身心障礙福利機構健康促進計劃。身心障礙研究。4,214-228。
林寶貴(2004)。溝通障礙:理論與實務。台北:心理出版社。
張玨、劉仲冬、張菊惠(2005)。婦女健康管理。台北:空大用書。
黃迺毓、林如萍、唐先梅、陳芳如(2003)。家庭概論。台北:空大用書。

被引用紀錄


黃玉嘉(2007)。漸進提示策略對一位國小自閉症學生自發性 口語表達能力之影響〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700313
劉盈妏(2015)。國小集中式特殊教育班教師實施融合教育的現況與考量因素〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2015.00078

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