近年來,經濟誘因的使用,已經在全球成為各國保育政策重要的一環。本文主要目的為,探討經濟誘因之使用在自然保育中所扮演的角色,尤其著重於經濟誘因對於集體行動、以及對於整合保育與社經發展目標的影響。全球實證研究顯示,利用經濟誘因在多數案例中並未能成功達成保育目標,而在其餘案例中其保育成效亦是參差不齊,本文因而從生物生態、社會經濟、制度等層面的角度出發,詳盡地探究為何經濟誘因在保育工作中的使用經常未能達成其理論上所預期的效果。研究結果發現,在既定的生物生態、社會經濟、制度等條件下,現今流行的「為利用付費」模式往往將保育目標置於高度風險之中;反之,本研究建議,若能根據「為保護付費」原則建立政策工具,則這些措施理論上將較能成功地達成保育目標。
In recent years, use of economic incentives has been promoted worldwide as an important component of conservation policy. This paper aims to investigate the role of economic incentives in nature conservation, particularly focusing on how economic incentives influence collective actions and integration of conservation and development objectives. At a global level, empirical reviews show that the conservation performance of market-oriented instruments has been unconvincing in most cases, and at best mixed overall. Accordingly, this paper deliberately examines the underlying biological, ecological, socio-economic and institutional reasons, explaining why economic incentives have often failed to achieve their theoretical promise. This essay finds that, under given biological, ecological, socio-economic and institutional conditions, the prevailing ”paying for use” model usually places conservation objectives at high risk. Instead, this study suggests that, those instruments which follow the ”paying for protection” principle theoretically show promise toward achieving conservation objectives.