全球環境教育的進展與趨勢

本文回顧了20世紀70年代以來舉行的全球政府環境與發展峰和國際環境教育大會的會議精神與觀點，分別揭示了兩類會議對環境問題、教育和環境教育在認識上的進展和國際環境教育的發展趨勢：環境教育逐漸定向到面向可持續發展的方向；由偏重於環境科學知識的教育轉向同時強調態度、價值觀的培養；由系統性的環境科學知識體系教育轉向基於現實問題的教育，並強調實踐的重要性；環境教育與其所推動的面向可持續發展的教育(ESD)逐漸深入到改變人的思維方式與生活方式，從而使人類社會、文化在未來發生深刻變化。

關鍵字

環境教育；全球政府環境與發展峰會；國際環境教育大會；趨勢

並列摘要

After reviewing viewpoints participants at the Earth Summit on Environment and Development and the International Conference on Environmental Education since the 1970s, this paper summarizes the evolution in the thinking on environment issues, education, environmental education (EE) and the trends in EE reflected by these conferences. The most significant change is a gradual reorientation of environmental education in the direction of sustainable development. EE has moved from an education focusing primarily on environmental scientific knowledge to an education that adds to scientific knowledge environmental attitudes and values. Furthermore summaries from these to conferences suggests that EE has moved from a theoretical systematic knowledge-centered education to a practical problem-solving based education emphasizing hands on practice.. EE, including Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) focuses on a transformation in human thinking that promotes sustainable lifestyles and cultural changes into the future.