都會社區老人跌倒之質性分析

Qualitative Analysis on Falls among Elderly People Living in an Urban Community

劉俐蓉(Li-Rong Liu)

《北市醫學雜誌》 6卷4期 (2009/08) Pp. 304-318

摘要

目的：本研究的目的為探討都會社區老人過去一年跌倒的主觀經驗，採質性研究法。方法：研究者以深度訪談方式收集資料。共訪得四位社區老人，所有訪談內容均經個案同意予以錄音，訪談結束後將內容謄寫逐字稿，並進行資料分析。結果：研究結果發現四個主要核心範疇與其相關副範疇，分別是一、跌倒的原因；二、跌倒的影響－生理不適、心理的負擔與壓力和生活作息改變；三、跌倒後脫困與照護；四、生活調適－預防跌倒措施和尋求協助資源；五、期望－無障礙環境、尊重與協助、完善的老人福利與政策。結論：本研究顯示老人跌倒會造成生理、心理與社會重大影響，故預防老人跌倒應由老人實際的跌倒經驗中做深入探討。建議藉由醫護衛生專業人員進行跌倒危險與需求評估、提供安全的活動、改善環境危害與藥物管理等策略。同時，政府應制定完善的社會福利政策與福利措施，每個家庭發揮應有的功能，以共同預防老人跌倒與提升老人生活滿意度。本研究結果有助於醫護專業人員對老人跌倒之瞭解，做為提供適當計畫及介入之參考。

關鍵字

老人 ； 質性研究 ； 預防跌倒 ； 害怕跌倒 ； 無障礙環境

並列摘要

The purpose of this qualitative research was to study falls occurring within the past one year among elderly people living in an urban community. Methods: Four elder people were interviewed and each underwent an in-depth interviews to collect information. The data were collected through open-ended questions administered by one interviewer who held one-on-one interview sessions. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Result: On the basis of interview information, four main categories of findings were identified, These consisted of: firstly, the reasons for falling; secondly, the impact of falling, including physical injuries, psycological injuries, fear of falling and changes to daily activities; thirdly, approaches to handling the falls and caring for the elderly after a fall and finally, life adjustment by the elderly to falls: fall prevention and seeking resources to help. The expectations of the elderly were also identified and included a barrier-free environment, respect and assistance, a well-rounded welfare system and a policy towards the elderly. Overall from this research it is clear that falls have a significant impact on the elderly at the physiological, psychological, and social levels. Conclusions: Therefore, strategies for fall prevention should include risk assessment and multi-factorial interventions. The government should establish a society in which the elderly can live with dignity in a barrier free environment. This environment should allow the elderly to be cared for with respect and should allow aging in place. Furthermore, the formulation of a well-rounded social welfare policy and the provision of welfare measures is needed. These findings should help medical and nursing specialists to better understand the elderly's experiences with falls and help them provide better planning and improved intervention; such intervention would provide the elderly with much needed emotional and physical assistance.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； qualitative research methods ； fall prevention ； fear of falling ； barrier free environment