居家運動預防老年人跌倒成效之回顧

Review: Effect of Home-Based Exercise Programs on Falls Prevention in the Elderly

吳佩穎(Pei-Ying Wu) ； 蘇勁吉(Chin-Chi Su) ； 李旻璋(Min-Chang Lee) ； 凌萱(Hsuan Ling)

《北市醫學雜誌》 16卷4期 (2019/12) Pp. 291-304

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.201912_16(4).0002

摘要

目的：老人跌倒的盛行率逐年攀升，運動訓練能有效降低跌倒風險及跌倒發生率。本系統回顧的目的是，從相關的文獻中整理出居家運動對老年人跌倒的改善情形。方法：搜尋從成立時到2017年3月間Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library及華藝線上圖書館等資料庫，有關居家運動對老年人預防跌倒成效的中英文文獻。使用皮卓量表給予文章評值。結果：共收納7篇文章，各文章的皮卓分數為7－10分不等。6篇文章以跌倒次數和發生率探討，其中4篇文章介入後有顯著進步；4篇文章以跌倒風險探討，其中2篇文章介入後有顯著進步；3篇文章以跌倒功效量表探討，其中1篇文章於介入後有顯著進步。結論：部分研究指出居家運動可以降低跌倒的次數與發生率及改善跌倒的危險因子，然而仍有部分研究並無顯著差異。未來仍需更多的研究及統合分析來提供更有利的預防跌倒的實證研究。

關鍵字

居家運動 ； 老年人 ； 預防跌倒 ； 系統性文獻回顧

並列摘要

Objective: Fall prevalence in elderly is high. Exercise training can effectively reduce the risk and incidence of falls. This study aimed to assess the effects of home exercises for fall prevention in elderly by systematic review. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by searching the Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Airiti Library for relevant English-language and Chinese-language literatures published till March, 2017. The appraisal of the literatures was conducted by using the PEDro Scale. Results: Seven articles with quality ranging from 7 to 10 were included. Among them, 6 articles reported number of fall events and frequencies in which 4 indicated an improvement after intervention. Four articles reported the risk of fall, and 2 indicated an improvement after intervention. Three articles reported the outcome with Fall Efficacy Scale and 1 of them reported improvement after intervention. Conclusion: Some articles showed that home exercises can reduce the incidence of falls and improve the fall risk factors, but others showed no significant differences between home exercise and control groups. More studies and evidence-based meta-analysis in the future are required.

並列關鍵字

home exercises ； elderly ； fall prevention ； systematic review