Is There a Transnational Hakka Identity?: Examining Hakka Youth Ethnic Consciousness in Malaysia

華人社團跨國活動的研究指出全世界正崛起一個「跨國華人社群」，華人社團的全球化過程刺激並鼓勵各地華人對自己的文化傳統加以保存與提倡。在此情況下，我們可以合理地說在中國、台灣與香港之外的華人方言群將掀起各自的文化復興運動。在本文裡，我們使用了馬來西亞客家青年的訪談資料，並聚焦在他們於公私領域的語言使用上。結果顯示華人社團（客家社團）的全球化並不會自動或自然地意味著所有的華人都全球化了。在我們所研究的客家青年顯示了他們的客家文化意識是透過他們對所居住地方的一種地方性認知的反應，而不是全球化力量的結果，後者對華人企業家取得外在的社會、經濟、政治與文化資源比較有利；相反的，客家青年所處的地方侷限與情境，限制了他們透過客家語言來表現他們的客家性。

關鍵字

跨國社群；客家性；地方化；全球化

並列摘要

Researches on transnational activities held by Chinese voluntary associations around the world claim that there is an emergence of a ”transnational Chinese community”. The globalization process of Chinese voluntary associations stimulates or encourages the preservation and promotion of Chinese cultures and traditions in their adopted countries. If this is so, we can logically say that there will be a cultural revival among the various dialect groups of Chinese in countries outside China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. In this article, we employ data collected from Hakka youth in Malaysia, and focus our discussion on language usage in their private and public domains. The result is that the globalization of Chinese voluntary associations (in this case, the Hakka associations) does not automatically or naturally mean that all Chinese are globalized. The Hakka youth in our study show their Hakka cultural consciousness through their localized perception of the places they inhabit rather than the globalization force which, by and large, utilized by Chinese entrepreneurs to acquire social, economic, political and cultural resources outside the country they reside. Local limitations and situations have confined the Hakka youth to manifest their Hakkeness through the usage of Hakka language.

並列關鍵字

transnational community ； Hakkaness ； localization ； globalization

參考文獻

Hsiao, Hsin-Huang Michael,Lim Khay Thiong(2006).The Formation and Limitation of Hakka Identity in Southeast Asia.Paper presented at The First International Conference on Hakka Studies in Taiwan.(Paper presented at The First International Conference on Hakka Studies in Taiwan).:

World Chinese Media and transmission of Huaxia civilization conference in 2001