利用農藝性狀評估糯稻種原之遺傳歧異性

Genetic Diversity Evaluation for Glutinous Rice Germplasm Based on Agronomic Traits

陳源俊(Yuan-Jan Chen) ； 李長沛(Charng-Pei Li) ； 黃惠娟(Huei-Jiuan Huang) ； 簡禎佑(Jen-You Jian) ； 林順福(Shun-Fu Lin)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 2卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 11-30

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200503.0002

摘要

世界糯稻之研究甚少，且臺灣糯稻之育種歷史或規模均遠不及稻或秈稻，尤其在糯稻種原之評估及利用方面尚待加強。為探討糯稻種原之遺傳歧異性，本研究以蒐集自10個國家的135個糯稻(包括64個秈糯、53個糯及28個陸糯)品種與5個非糯稻（對照品種）為材料，於2000年一期及二期作在臺中地區調查27個質的性狀及7個數量性狀。資料分析結果發現，7個數量性狀在兩期作間之差異皆達極顯著水準，且部分性狀間在兩期作之相關顯著性檢定結果不一致。以農藝性狀進行歧異性分群分析結果，在兩期作均無明顯大分群出現，亦無法區分糯、秈糯及陸糯稻種原。但是來自相同國家的種原則有集中於小群之趨勢。農藝性狀之主成分分析結果顯示，所調查之數量性狀較質的性狀具有較佳之種原區分效果，其中株高與葉長兩性狀在第一期作共可解釋87.5%變異，在第二期作共可解釋90.7%變異，依此兩性狀可將糯及秈糯種原分群，而秈糯稻較糯稻種原有較大之遺傳歧異性，但是陸糯稻則分散於秈糯及糯稻種原群之中。

關鍵字

遺傳歧異性 ； 糯稻 ； 種原

並列摘要

There have been very few researches on glutinous rices in all over the world. In contrast to indica or japonica type, the breeding history and activities of glutinous rices are far behind in Taiwan. Studies specifically focus on the evaluation and utilization of germplasm for glutinous rices are necessary. To evaluate the genetic diversity of glutinous rice germplasm, 135 glutinous rices (including 64 indica, 53 japonica and 28 upland types) collected from 10 countries and 5 non-glutinous varieties were used in this study. Twenty-seven qualitative and 7 quantitative traits were investigated at Taichung, Taiwan during the first and second cropping seasons of 2000. There were significant differences between two cropping seasons in the investigated quantitative traits. However, in corresponding comparison with the significant test results of correlation between traits in different years, some inconsistent results were found. No distinct group was identified from clustering analysis based on agronomic traits, and 3 types of glutinous germplasm were unable to be differentiated. The germplasm originated from different countries were separately gathered in a few small groups. The quantitative traits had better categorization effectiveness than qualitative traits in principal component analysis (PCA). Different subspecies of glutinous germplasm were separated by using culm length and leaf length as decisive factors, which accounted for 87.5% and 90.7% variation in the first and second cropping seasons, respectively. Compared to japonica type germplasm, the indica type had wider genetic diversity. And the upland glutinous germplasms were distributed diversely in japonica or indica group.

並列關鍵字

Genetic diversity ； Glutinous rice ； Germplasm