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高屏地區蓮霧與臺東地區番荔枝之氣象災害及防護方法問卷調查

Surveying of the Agrometeorological Disasters and Mitigation Techniques for Wax Apples in Kaohsiung-Pingtung Area and Custard Apples in Taitung Area

摘要


本研究以高屏地區蓮霧及臺東地區番荔枝專業農民為研究母群體,抽樣進行常見氣象災害與防護方法的問卷調查。結果指出,高屏地區蓮霧常見的氣象災害有寒害、颱風害及雨害。寒害發生機率在40-60%之間,其分佈軸線呈現與中央山脈平行的趨勢,越近山邊發生機率越高;寒害發生時,作物受損程度大於50%,且內陸地區災損程度則較沿海地區嚴重。颱風害發生機率在40-60%之間,沿海空曠地區和沿中央山脈邊的內陸地區發生機率較高;颱風害發生時,受損程度大於60%。雨害發生機率在40-60%之間,較好發於內陸及山區;雨害發生時,受損程度約在50%以下。臺東地區番荔枝常見的氣象災害有颱風害及焚風害。颱風害發生機率在60-80%之間,主要發生於沿海地區,且越往北受害機率越高,縱谷地區因為受海岸山脈屏障保護,颱風害的發生機率較小;颱風害發生時,受損程度在60%以上,沿海地區較縱谷地區嚴重。焚風害發生機率有明顯地域性差異,受損程度則較颱風害為輕。有關寒害防護,農民採用最多方法是噴(灌)水,其次是噴灑化學藥劑;颱風害之防護法最多是豎立支柱及修剪枝條,部分番荔枝果園以防風林預防;雨害之防護主要以改善地表排水因應。農民可接受的防護措施費用,以每公頃10萬元以內者最多,若防護費用達每公頃50萬元以上,則不被農民接受。

並列摘要


Questionnaire regarding to the agrometeorological disasters occurred and mitigation techniques exercised were sent to sampled professional farmers specialized in wax apple and custard apple. Analyzed results indicated that low temperature, typhoon, and heavy rainfall were the major causes of agrometeorological disasters experienced by wax apple orchards in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area. Low temperature damage occurring probabilities varied from 40 to 60% with distribution parallel with the central mountain ridge. Locations near mountain had higher occurring probabilities. Degrees of damage usually exceeded 50% once low temperature damages occurred, and the severity in inland area was worse than in coastal area. Typhoon damages occurring probabilities varied from 40 to 60%, and were mainly occurred at coastal area and inland area near the central mountain ridge. Degrees of damage usually exceeded 60% once typhoon damages occurred. Heavy rainfall damage occurring probabilities varied from 40 to 60%, and were mainly occurred at inland and mountain areas. Degrees of damage usually less than 50% once heavy rainfall damages occurred. Typhoon and fohen were the major causes of agrometeorological disasters experienced by custard apple orchards in Taitung area. Typhoon damages occurring probabilities varied from 60 to 80%, and were mainly occurred at coastal area, particularly the northern coastal area. Valley area had less probability due to partial protection by the costal mountain ridges. Degrees of damage usually exceeded 60% once typhoon damages occurred, and the severity in coastal area was worse than in valley area. Fohen damages occurred only in some areas. Degrees of damage by fohen were less than those caused by typhoon. As to the mitigation techniques for low temperature damages, most farmers rely on water sprinkle system, and some by hormones. Most farmers rely on supporting poles and branch trimming to mitigate typhoon damages, while some used windbreaks to protect sugar apples from typhoon damages. Improved surface water drainage was the only method used to mitigate rainfall damages. As to the mitigation costs, NTD100,000 per hectare was acceptable to most farmers, with NTD500,000 per hectare as the upper limit.

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