從構式語法看現代漢語動補結構的論元體現

The Argument Realization of Resultative Constructions in Mandarin Chinese: A Preliminary Investigation

趙靜雅(Ching-Ya Chao)

《華語文教學研究》 6卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 23-43

https://doi.org/10.6393/JCLT.200912.0023

摘要

現代漢語動補結構的精簡性和靈活性，不但是漢語語法的特點，也是學習漢語的難點。動補結構的靈活性來自於其多變的、非常規的組合關係，無論及物動詞或不及物動詞，都因搭配補語而能帶違反其次類劃分的賓語，而且有些單純及物動詞加上特定補語後，失去及物性。本文嘗試從三個次構式的語義表徵切入，探索現代漢語動補結構的運作機制。本文的初步觀察顯示，構式論元的語義角色在很大程度上受到語境的影響，而且比動詞的參與者角色更加豐富多樣。如果前述觀察是合理的，那麼構式語法理論如何預測這些非常規構式選擇特定構式論元的語用因素，或許是值得未來進一步研究的議題。

關鍵字

構式語法 ； 動補結構 ； 論元體現 ； 語義表徵 ； 非常規賓語

並列摘要

From a perspective of Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 1995), this paper discusses three types of Resultative Constructions in Mandarin Chinese by investigating their argument structure, semantic representation and syntactic mapping. According to the preliminary study, both objects and subjects of these constructions receive extremely versatile sets of thematic roles, which violate the sub-categorization of verbs. This helps increase our understanding of the mechanism of the argument realization in Chinese Resultatives. But the question as to what determines the meaning of the whole construction still remains open.

並列關鍵字

construction grammar ； verb-complement construction ； argument realization ； semantic representation ； non-subcategorized object

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