國家教育研究院華語字表與其他字表比較研究

A Comparative Study of the NAER Chinese Character List and Other Chinese Character Lists

黃淑齡(Shu-Ling HUANG) ； 白明弘(Ming-Hong BAI) ； 吳鑑城(Jian-Cheng WU) ； 李詩敏(Shih-Min LI) ； 林慶隆(Ching-Lung LIN)

《華語文教學研究》 15卷3期 (2018/09) Pp. 85-126

摘要

分級字表包含識字量和字集內容，是評估閱讀及學習成效的指標。由於語言變遷，字表之分級內容會因時、因地、因對象而呈現差異。多年來，各地研究人員為母語者或二語學習者設計了不同字表來因應編寫教材或測驗評量的需求，臺灣目前並沒有共同採用的華語教學字表，國教院執行教育部「邁向華語文教育產業輸出大國八年計畫（102-109）」之子計畫「建置應用語料庫及標準體系」，運用大型語料庫完成符合二語學習者需求的分級字表，為評估此字表的特色，本文選擇具代表性之7份不同地區及適用對象的字表進行比較分析，研究顯示國教院字表在臺灣不同類型的語料庫，如圖書語料、新聞語料、口語語料等覆蓋率上表現最佳，尤其在初級，覆蓋率明顯優於歐洲字表、香港字表、新加坡字表及大陸漢辦字表，平均約高出4個百分點，顯示本字表適用於臺灣教學，也能回應學者「教學字表的制定應充分立足於本地」的建議。此外，從字表的字集內容來看，國教院字表最能代表臺灣當代華語，在收字及分級上均能呈現本地華語樣貌。也是唯一能清楚說明建置步驟、並貫徹以語料庫為本的字表。整體而言，本字表兼具了客觀性、再現性、真實性、字本位及符合二語學習者需求等特色及優勢。

關鍵字

漢字分級 ； 字表 ； 標準體系 ； 華語文 ； 教學

並列摘要

A Chinese character list contains proficiency levels and corresponding character sets, which are regarded as indicators of one's reading and learning ability. The character list will tend to vary depending on the needs of learners. Over the years, officials and researchers have published different Chinese character lists for native speakers as well as Chinese L2 learners in order to meet the needs of designing textbooks, teaching or grading. As there is no official Chinese character list in Taiwan, in 2013 the National Academy for Educational Research (NAER) implemented an 8-year project with the Ministry of Education to develop corpora and a standard system, which included creating a graded Chinese character list for L2 learners in Taiwan. To evaluate the character list, this paper looks at 7 representative character lists for the purpose of comparative analysis. The study shows that the NAER's character list ranks highest in performance in terms of corpus coverage, especially at the primary level. Its average score was 4 percentage points higher than that of the European, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Chinese Hanban character lists. In terms of the character set contents, the NAER list is the most representative Taiwanese character list, and here the locality is taken into account in evaluating and grading the character selection. The final grade is based on the all of the above factors, included the details of each step in the creation of the character list. On the whole, the NAER character list is objective, reproducible, local, word-based, and meets the needs of second language learners.

並列關鍵字

Chinese character grading ； Chinese character list ； standard system ； Chinese language ； pedagogy

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