中國大陸專利法制之損害賠償規範與計算方法－從第三次專利法修正談起

Damages Calculation in China Patent Law and Practice-Perspective of Third Amendment to Patent Law

李柏靜(Po-Ching Lee)

《政大智慧財產評論》 7卷2期 (2009/10) Pp. 39-83

https://doi.org/10.30387/NCCUIPR.200910_7(2).0002

摘要

在提高自主創新能力與建設創新型國家之知識產權戰略目標下，中國大陸第三次專利法修正於2009年10月1日起施行。原侵犯專利權的賠償數額是按照權利人所受到的損失或者侵權人所獲得的利益確定，權利人的損失或侵權人的利益難以確定的，參照該專利許可使用費的倍數合理確定。新專利法第65條規定賠償數額按照權利人因被侵權所受到的實際損失確定；實際損失難以確定的，可以按照侵權人因侵權所獲得的利益確定；權利人的損失或侵權人的利益難以確定的，參照該專利許可使用費的倍數合理確定。第65條並將最高人民法院司法解釋規定的定額賠償提高到專利法層次，並且將法定額度從5,000至50萬提高到1萬至100萬人民幣。從訴訟成本考量，由法院定額不失爲較經濟的方法；然而，此方法亦有可能會有因非根據證據而落入主觀判斷賠償數額的缺點。第65條並且明訂賠償數額還應當包括權利人爲制止侵權行爲所支付的合理開支；惟該合理開支的定義與計量方法仍不明確。此外，新專利法並沒有納入懲罰性損害賠償，然而在加大處罰力度的要求下，法定賠償額度之提高與加重其他相關民事與行政責任之配套修改下，新專利法有提高侵權人金錢負擔的效果，應有較大的嚇阻專利侵權的功能，進而鼓勵創新。

關鍵字

專利法 ； 專利侵權 ； 侵犯專利 ； 損害賠償 ； 賠償損失 ； 賠償數額 ； 法定賠償

並列摘要

With national intellectual property strategy to improve the domestic capacity of innovation and to build an innovative country, the third amendment to Patent Law of the People's Republic of China becomes in effect in October 1, 2009. Before the amendment, the amount of compensation for the damage is based on the loss suffered by the right holder or the profit earned by the infringer through the infringement; if it is difficult to determine the right holder's loss or the infringer's profit, the amount is assessed by reference to the appropriate multiple of the amount of royalty of that patent under contractual license. In the event that none of these amounts can be fairly ascertained, the court has the discretion to award compensation in the range of RMB 5,000 to RMB 500,000, provided by a Supreme People's Court judicial interpretation. The Article 65 in the new Patent Law codifies that the amount of compensation for the damage caused by the infringement of the patent right shall be assessed on the basis of the actual loss suffered by the right holder; if the actual loss is difficult to determine, it may be assessed on the basis of the profit earned by the infringer through the infringement; if it is difficult to determine the right holder's loss or the infringer's profit, the amount is assessed by reference to the appropriate multiple of the amount of royalty of that patent under contractual license. The Article 65 also codifies the statutory damages in the range of RMB 10,000 to RMB 1,000,000. In the perspective of litigation costs, statutory damages award may be a more economic approach. However, this approach could have implication caused by subjective judgment without the base of factual evidence. The Article 65 also codifies that the amount of compensation shall include reasonable cost by the right holder for stopping patent infringement. It is unclear that how to determine the reasonable cost for preventing patent infringement. Although the new Patent Law does not provide punitive damages, under the policy of strengthening patent enforcement and enhancing legal liability, the maximum statutory damages is doubled and other related civil liability and administrative penalty are raised. New Patent Law may increase the pecuniary burden of the infringer and expect to lead to more deterrent effect on patent infringement and hence enhance innovation.

並列關鍵字

Patent Law ； Patent Infringement ； Damages Calculation ； Statutory Damages