喇家遺址與飲食文明－青海喇家遺址史前飲食文化的考古發現

喇家遺址考古發現許多關於飲食文化的出土資料，不但進行了相關領域跨學科的多方面合作研究，同時也進行多方面探索性的考古工作。這些成果部分已經引起廣泛關注，有些則尚在持續研究之中。這些資料對於探討齊家文化時期的社會經濟和飲食文明的發展，以及社會結構和文明化進程，都提供了豐富的研究材料。其中，特別是在喇家遺址發現的齊家文化麵條遺存，跨學科合作研究獲得了豐碩的成果和巨大的國際迴響。在本文中，我將繼續討論喇家遺址發現麵條的相關問題，並進一步重申此考古發掘資料的可靠性，和其透過科學分析測詴研究的準確性，由此回答解釋有關的疑問。透過相關飲食文化的考古資料進行概述與分析，在文中也關注並討論喇家遺址和齊家文化文明進程的諸多現象，進而從飲食文化發展的歷史過程，闡釋和討論飲食文化與禮制和文明起源之間的相互關係，從而提出分析結果和結論。

關鍵字

喇家遺址；齊家文化；植物考古；動物考古；出土麵條

並列摘要

Archaeological investigations at the Lajia site have led to the discovery of an abundance of unearthed materials related to food culture. At the same time there has been collaborative research in many areas of a multidisciplinary kind, and further investigative archaeological work, the results of which have already aroused widespread interest. Others are still in the process of further investigation. This has contributed rich materials for investigating of the development of society and the economy during the Qijia Culture period, the development of food culture, and social structure and the advance of civilization. In particular, the remains of wheaten noodles of the Qijia Culture period discovered at the Lajia site have led to multi-disciplinary research efforts leading to positive results and considerable international attention. The present paper will further investigate problems surrounding the discovery of wheaten noodles at the Lajia site, and will also re-examine the reliability of the discovery itself and the accuracy of scientific analysis and testing, and will respond to various doubts that have been raised. Through a general account and analysis of the archaeological materials related to food culture, this article will focus attention on a few aspects of civilizational development at the Lajia site and in Qijia culture, and will analyse and discuss the interrelationship between food culture, the beginnings of a ritual system, and the origins of civilization from the point of view of the historical development of food culture.