論熊十力先生的易學思想

熊十力先生，在中國現代哲學史上，是最富有思辨性和形而上氣味的原創型哲學家。他將儒家的學問用思辨哲學架構來詮釋，這種做法既可會通中西哲學文化，亦可充分展現儒家的學問特色，而免除「中國無哲學」之譏嘲。綜觀熊先生的學問，乃有本有源，其本源來自儒家的形上學思想，尤其《易經》一書，對先生的啟發甚大，舉凡成聖之心學，與外王哲學，莫不原於《易》理。因此若能探究熊先生的大易思想，應可得知他的學問體系的核心見解，進而可以勾勒出他的形上學架構。本文擬欲自熊先生的易學理論探索其形上思想，看看這一位富有形上思辨的哲學家，其形上思想是否能充盡儒家的形而上理論；至於彼之易學是否完全貼合易理，以及其與其他諸易學家的比較，則不在本文討論之內。本文結構首重介紹熊氏的易學理論，此理論大都集中在《讀經示要》一書，藉由乾坤二卦之彖、爻、文言等辭來表現自己對宇宙生成運化的看法；雖然是配合著《易經》之辭來說，不過實際上闡述的是他個人的形上見解，就此見解而言，其與儒家形上學之基本宗旨確然吻合，然而所以建構之方法卻有稍許不合，因而也影響到整個形上體系與儒學、甚而大易的「乾道變化，各正性命」之義理杆格不入。本文即於此探索何故熊氏的理論與儒學某些重要義理不合，不合的癥結何在？是他本身的想法錯誤，還是在建構形上理論的方法有誤？本文引牟宗三先生的「兩層存有論」予以對照比較，自然可以見出此中的癥結問題。本文之寫作大抵循此脈絡而成。

關鍵字

天道；勢能；心；物；氣

並列摘要

This text introduces Hsiung Shiu Li's thoughts of Yi King in power of the bear mainly through introducing his theories of Yi King, further bringing into relief his form to go to school theories Mr. Hsiung is the first scholar in Chinese modern age history of philosophy goes to school with the western philosophy method construction the metaphysics of Confucianism form, so in addition to introducing his thoughts of Yi King and metaphysics, that is the necessary discussion whether the system of Mr. Hsiung's metaphysics conforms to the objective of Confucianism completely or not. This text basis this grain carries on the writing, introducing Mr. Hsiung's theories of Yi King first, then to grasp among them problem, takes the theories of Mou Tsung San finally and check against with the comparison, bring into relief that doesn't conform Confucianism, and give the judgment. This is about the aim and the method of this text writing.