《法華五百問論》在日流傳史

天台中興之祖湛然（711～782）《法華五百問論》（以下略稱《問論》），是為對破法相宗窺基（632～682）《法華玄贊》所撰作。玄奘新譯所帶來天台教相之衝撃，以及解明天台教學對新譯思想之受容，《問論》是唯一不可欠之重要資料。就時代意義而言，《問論》正是反應著舊譯與新譯衝擊之重要著作，亦是解明法相與天台兩教學差異之要書。《問論》佚於會昌五年（845）之廢佛事件，其得以流傳至今，全賴日僧保存。本文分六章呈現傳入日本的史實，以及在日保存狀況。除了運用中日相關史料，以版本調查之實況重現歷史真相，是為本文最大特色。本文以版本演進，鋪陳在日流傳經過，並歸結出《問論》在日兩次之盛傳期。此書的傳入，圓載（？～838～？）功不可沒，此後雖曾有圓珍（814～891）《決疑法華提釋》，但已不見傳本。本純（1702～1769）對《問論》詳核諸本施予相關注解，留下《問論》唯一注解書—《五百問論箋註》，必須置予應有之歷史定位。

關鍵字

湛然；圓載；圓珍；本純；問論；箋註

並列摘要

The prominent ”Fahua wubai wen lun” 法華五百問論 (hereafter Wen lun) composed by Tiantai patriarch Zhanran 湛然 (711-782) was written as a criticism against the ”Fahua Xuanzan” 法華玄贊 by Kuiji 窺基 (632-682) of the Faxiang school. The Wen lun is an indispensable and important source for our understanding the impact and challenge of Xuanzang's new translations for the Tiantai teaching in the Tang Dynasty. In terms of its temporal significance, the Wen lun is an important work which responds to the conflict between the old and new translations. It is also a critical text which highlights the differences between Faxiang and Tiantai doctrines.The Wen lun was lost in the Buddhist repression of 845, though it was transmitted in its entirety up until the present day via Japanese monks. The present essay is divided into six chapters which present the historical facts behind its transmission into Japan as well as the state of its preservation in Japan. The present essay will survey various editions of the Wen lun in addition to utilizing the relevant Chinese and Japanese historical materials. The evolution of those editions will be elaborated in the context of the Japanese transmission of the text which concludes with two periods of circulation of the text in Japan. Enzai 圓載 (?-838-?) contributed to the transmission of the text. Later although there was Enchin's 圓珍 (814-891) ”Ketsugi hoke teishaku” 決疑法華提釋, it is no longer extent. The detailed investigations of the Wen lun by Honjun 本純 (1702-1769) offers a relevant commentary which is the only one still extant-the ”Gohyaku mon ron senchu” 五百問論箋註, which must be placed in its proper historical position.