“道德情操”與“倫理關懷”融入生死學建構的意義―以儒家觀點為核心之說明

Implications of "Moral Sentiments" and "Ethic Concerns" as the Analytical Perspectives in Constructing the Theory of Life and Death-On the Conceptions of Confucianism

楊秀宮(Hsiu-Kung Yang)

《生死學研究》 3期 (2006/01) Pp. 59-92

https://doi.org/10.29844/JLDS.200601.0002

摘要

本文嘗試從「道德情操」與「倫理關懷」兩種脈絡切入，說明兩者融入生死學建構論題裡所可能產生的不同意義與效應。「道德情操」著重的是道德主體之「自律」與「道德明覺」等要素。「倫理關懷」則主要從「社群倫理」的角度切入，配合社會普遍意志來論述。文中借用孟子、荀子學說的差異觀點對「道德情操」與「倫理關懷」的「生死學」建構進行分解。孟荀兩說略有不同，故所表現出來的「終極關懷」亦有些微差別。筆者分別從「道德情操」觀點與「倫理關懷」觀點來思索「安樂死」是否合宜。透過對「安樂死」的思索，將有助於評估生死學建構的現代意義。筆者分析指出，從「道德情操」的觀點論，沒有人可以道德地決定別人的「安樂死」；而從講究「倫理關懷」的觀點論，對「安樂死」的問題將傾向審慎而贊同的見解。若能正視兩種觀點的互相激盪或辯證發展，將有助於生死學建構的完備化。

關鍵字

生死學 ； 孟子 ； 荀子 ； 道德情操 ； 倫理關懷

並列摘要

This paper attempts to discuss and contrast ”moral sentiments” versus ”ethic concerns”, to further exemplify the potential implications and effects resulted from blending these two concepts into the construct of the study on life and death. ”Moral sentiments” rely on the elements of ”self-disciplines” and ”moral reflections” within the entities who exercise moral thinking themselves. ”Ethic concerns” depend on the perspective of ”community ethics”, with the norm of general consensus in the society. The paper located the construct of the study on life and death on the basis of the difference between Mencius and Hsün Tzu toward ”moral sentiments” and ”ethic concerns”. The difference between the thoughts of Mencius and Hsün Tzu leads to a slight variation in expressing the ”ultimate concern”. The author contemplates on the appropriateness and the validity of euthanasia from perspectives of ”moral sentiments” and ”ethic concerns”. The exploration upon euthanasia would help evaluate the contemporary implications of the construct of the study on life and death. The author indicates that, based on analysis, the ”moral sentiments” viewpoint upholds ”no one can be determined to be killed on 'mercy'”. However, the ”ethic concerns” viewpoint tends to agree with, with discreet, the use of euthanasia. If we regard the interaction and development of these two extremes as important, it would help fully build up the construct of the study on life and death.

並列關鍵字

study on life and death ； Mencius ； Hsün Tzu ； moral sentiments ； ethic concerns